1981—2020年沈阳地区春玉米生长季水热资源时空特征

利用沈阳地区7个气象站点逐日气象数据以及春玉米生育期数据,对1980—2020年春玉米播种期、苗期、拔节期、抽雄期、成熟期和全育期的生长度日(GDD)、高温度日(HDD)、降水量及其气候倾斜率的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：春玉米全育期生长度日呈上升趋势,各生育期生长度日空间分布差异不太显著,总体上呈由北向南递增趋势,高值主要分布在浑南区和苏家屯区,低值分布在康平县和法库县。春玉米全育期高温度日呈递增趋势,除康平县在成熟期高温度日呈减少趋势,其他各地生育期高温度日均呈增加趋势,空间上由西北向东南不断递增。沈阳地区在近40 a春玉米全生育期均呈降低趋势,空间上由东南向西北呈递减趋势,在苗期各地降水均呈增加趋势,其他时期均以减少趋势为主。沈阳地区春玉米全育期热量资源呈增加趋势,但降水量呈减少趋势,此种趋势增大了该地区极端高温和气象干旱风险。     

Distribution of glycerol ether lipids in halophilic,methanogenic and hyperthermophilic archaea

Four representatives of methanogenic Euryarchaeota (Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosaeta thermophila), the hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis and the halophilic euryarchaeon Haloferax volcanii were studied for their glycerol ether lipid composition. The predominant core membrane lipid in all of them was archaeol, which was accompanied by variable quantities of sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol in the methanogens M. mazei (Methanosarcinales) and M. stadtmanae (Methanobacteriales). All methanogenic and hyperthermophilic Euryarchaeota also contained comparatively high abundances of the glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether without a cyclopentane moiety (GDGT-0). The methanoarchaeon M. stadtmanae, in addition to GDGT-0, contained GDGT core lipid structures with 1–4 cyclopentane moieties (GDGTs 1–4). We also found minor amounts of a glycerol trialkyl glycerol tetraether (GTGT) and a glycerol dialkanol diether (GDD), both of which did not contain cyclopentane moieties, as well as methylated and dimethylated GDGT-0 in all the archaea with the exception of H. volcanii. Like its GDGT distribution, M. stadtmanae showed an extended range of GDD structures with up to two cyclopentane ring systems. Our results thus indicate that both methanogenic and hyperthermophilic Euryarchaeota may represent source organisms of GTGT-0, GDDs and methylated-GDGTs in natural environments. All the latter components have recently been reported to be ubiquitously distributed in marine sediments but their biological origin is largely unknown. Moreover, a suite of unsaturated GDGTs without a cyclopentane moiety and up to four double bonds in the hyperthermophile T. kodakarensis was tentatively assigned.