泡沫复合驱应用方案的模拟评价

在泡沫复合驱油矿场试验过程中,由于压缩机注入压力以及现有注采工艺技术的限制,导致泡沫复合驱实际应用方案与实验方案有很大差异.为了正确评价试验效果,本文对泡沫复合驱应用方案进行了室内模拟评价,认为气液比是影响驱替效果最为重要的因素.随着气液比的下降,最终采出程度是下降的,气液交替周期对泡沫复合驱的影响非常明显.同时还进行了不同渗透率油层泡沫复合驱效果、泡沫复合驱和普通的三元复合驱油效果对比评价,认为相比于普通的ASP复合驱,泡沫复合驱技术具有明显的优势.这一试验对今后泡沫复合驱技术的进一步发展具有意义.     

泡沫吸附-等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0．05-50．00g／t的样品能够满足要求。     

Effects of surface forces and film elasticity on foam stability

The thin film pressure balance (TFPB) technique was used to determine the surface forces in foam films stabilized with flotation frothers such as n-pentanol, n-octanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), and polypropylene glycol (PPG). The results were compared with the foam stabilities measured experimentally and the film elasticities calculated using a model developed by Wang and Yoon [Wang, L., Yoon, R.-H., 2006a. Role of hydrophobic force in the thinning of foam films containing a nonionic surfactant. Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 282–283, 84–91.]. It was found that foam stabilities are controlled by both film elasticity and disjoining pressure, the relative contributions from each changing with frother type and concentration. At relatively low concentrations, frother dampens the hydrophobic force, an attractive component of the disjoining pressure, that destabilizes foams. At higher concentrations, elasticity plays a more important role in stabilizing foams.     

发泡剂对氯氧镁水泥材料的适易性研究

本文主要介绍了不同类型水泥发泡剂在氯氧镁水泥(MOC)泡沫混凝土体系中的影响因素。对比不同发泡方式获得MOC泡沫混凝土的结构特征、力学性能、离子溶蚀速率以及微观结构等,研究了发泡方式和不同类发泡剂对MOC泡沫混凝土的适宜性。结果表明,对于MOC胶凝材料物理发泡方式相比化学发泡方式更能获得优良的泡沫混凝土,物理发泡剂中动植物蛋白类发泡剂是获得优良MOC泡沫混凝土的最佳选择。     

Membrane Ozonation in Wastewater Treatment

The utilization of porous membranes in mass transfer processes of gaseous ozone to water was investigated. With this approach a direct control of the interface between gas and liquid is possible. Furthermore it prevents foam formation in the presence of surfactant pollution, which constitutes a problem in conventional ozonation methods. Different organic and inorganic membrane materials and geometrical arrangements were utilized and ozone transfer under varied experimental conditions was determined. Typical transfer rates obtained in the experiments were 10 g ozone per membrane square meter and hour, but under optimized conditions higher values were possible. A theoretical model was successfully applied to the results obtained. A peculiarity of the method is its inherent ozone dose control in relation to the volume flow of water.     

镁水泥泡沫材料

以镁水泥为基料,通过添加浸润剂和起泡剂,制备出镁水泥泡沫材料。进行了粉煤灰加量对镁水泥泡沫材料容重及强度的影响;不同填充骨料同泡沫材料的强度和容重的关系以及起泡剂加量对泡沫镁水泥材料容重及强度的影响,并对镁水泥材料进行了热工性能测试     

The surface dilational viscosity of polypropylene glycol solutions and its influence on water flow and foam behavior

The non-equilibrium interfacial properties of a homologous series of aqueous polypropylene glycol solutions (400–2000 g/mol) were investigated as a function of concentration to understand their role in determining foam behavior. The overflowing cylinder technique was used to generate a continually expanding surface. Static and dynamic surface tensions, as well as the surface velocity of the expanding surface, were characterized. The surface dilational viscosity was compared to water flow rate and foam retention time of the polypropylene glycol solutions reported in the literature. This study suggests that the surface dilational viscosity is a key parameter in the Marangoni effect which retards water drainage, resulting in wetter foam and increased water recovery across flowing foams.     

Dynamic response of a geotechnical rigid model container with absorbing boundaries

One of the major challenges encountered in earthquake geotechnical physical modelling is to determine the effects induced by the artificial boundaries of the soil container on the dynamic response of the soil deposit. Over the past years, the use of absorbing material for minimising boundaries effects has become an increasing alternative solution, yet little systematic research has been carried out to quantify the dynamic performance of the absorbing material and the amount of energy dissipated by it. This paper aims to examine the effects induced by the absorbing material on the dynamic response of the soil, and estimate the amount of energy reduced by the absorbing boundaries. The absorbent material consisted of panels made of commercially available foams, which were placed on both inner sides of end-walls of the soil container. These walls are perpendicular to the shaking direction. Three types of foam with different mechanical properties were used in this study. The results were obtained from tests carried out using a shaking table and Redhill 110 sand for the soil deposit. It was found that a considerably amount of energy was dissipated, in particular within the frequency range close to the resonance of the soil deposit. This feature suggests that the presence of foams provides a significant influence to the dynamic response of the soil. The energy absorbed by the boundaries was also quantified from integrals of the Power Spectral Density of the accelerations. It was found that the absorbed energy ranged between a minimum of 41% to a maximum of 92% of the input levels, depending mainly on the foam used in the test. The effects provided by the acceleration levels and depth at which the energy was evaluated were practically negligible. Finally, practical guidelines for the selection of the absorbing material are provided.     

泡沫吸附等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0.05~50.00g/t的样品能够满足要求。     

Remediation with surfactant foam of PCP-contaminated soil

An investigation was made into evaluating the capability of surfactants in the form of foam for removing the contaminant pentachlorophenol (PCP), a highly toxic, wood preservative, from soil. Several surfactants were investigated for their ability to make foam. Two of them, Triton X-100 and JBR425 (a rhamnolipid biosurfactant), generated foam with higher quality (99%) and higher stability than other surfactants. Triton X-100 and JBR425 were then used to investigate the removal efficiency in soils contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP). Triton X-100 showed better results in terms of final removal efficiency. Triton X-100 (1%) removed 85% and 84% of PCP from fine sand soil and sandy-silt, respectively, contaminated with 1000 mg/kg PCP. These values were 60% and 61% for JBR425 (1%). Of this, 66% and 57% of the PCP was removed by volatilization by Triton X-100 and 36% and 44% by JBR425. Further experiments with Triton X-100 indicated that 1% Triton X-100 removed more than 0.5% and that PCP removal was approximately the same for 1% Triton X-100 for a higher contaminant level (3000 mg/kg) but more pore volumes of foam were required for fine sand (23 pore volumes compared to 12). For the sandy-silt soil, PCP removal was higher for the higher contaminant level, 84% compared to 76%. More pore volumes were required (35 compared to 21). Comparison of liquid and foam injection of 1% Triton X-100 indicated that the foam removed more than twice as much PCP in all cases than the liquid surfactant solution. The results of this study on a sandy and sandy-silt media, thus, found that the foam can be used as a fluid to enhance soil remediation under low pressures compared to other fluids such as liquid surfactant solutions.