耿庄金矿含FeS2晶须环带重晶石巨晶的特征及成因意义

在山西耿庄金矿区含金隐爆角砾岩体的晶洞内,发现了含FeS2晶须环带重晶石巨晶,用扫描电镜、电子探针、Ｘ射线粉晶衍射等手段系统研究了重晶石及其所含FeS2晶须的矿物特征。结果表明,重晶石化学成分单一;晶体结构标准;发育完好;晶须为FeS2 Fe(Ni, Co)S2的类质同象系列。根据地质背景,结合包裹体研究成果,运用晶体生长和地球化学理论,讨论了重晶石巨晶及所含晶须的成因。认为重晶石巨晶是该区燕山期花岗岩浆活动的期后热液演化到后期阶段时,SO2-4与围岩中的钡反应而形成;所含的FeS2晶须是持续进行的火山隐爆作用所产生的大量H2S、SO2等与热液中分解出的Fe2+、Ni2+、Co2+反应而形成的;富碱、H2S溶解度增大,S2-增高有利于晶须的生长;重晶石和晶须生长的地质环境具有宏观上的一致性和具体条件的差异性。当pH值为1~8.5、lgfO2为-31~-38时,优先进入FeS2生长的优势场,形成FeS2晶须矿物。当pH值为5.5~10、lgfO2在-25~-36时形成重晶石;FeS2环带和重晶石的共生现象是两者共结晶交互生长的结果;重晶石的套叠生长和晶须环带特征,是耿庄地区隐爆作用脉动性和周期性作用的结果。耿庄含晶须重晶石巨晶,明确标示出所形成的地质条件和地质作用过程,为深入研究隐爆作用和理解该区成矿作用提供了矿物学证据。     

Connectivity of molten Fe alloy in peridotite based on in situ electrical conductivity measurements: implications for core formation in terrestrial planets

The connectivity of molten Fe-S in peridotite has been experimentally investigated by means of in situ electrical conductivity measurements at high temperatures and 1 GPa. Starting materials were powdered mixtures of peridotite KLB-1 with various amounts (0, 3, 6, 13, 19, 24 vol.%) of the 1 GPa eutectic composition in the Fe-FeS binary system. At temperatures above the eutectic point in the Fe-FeS system (∼980 °C) and below the solidus of KLB1 (∼1200 °C), molten Fe-S in a solid silicate matrix interconnects when the volume fraction is over ∼5%. Conductivity-temperature paths indicate that in the presence of partial silicate melting the connectivity of molten Fe-S in a peridotite matrix is inhibited. Based on observations of retrieved samples, the percolation threshold of Fe-S melts in the presence of low to moderate degrees of silicate melt is estimated at 13±2 vol.%. These results indicate that if the volume fraction of Fe-alloy in a planetesimal was initially greater than 5%, and if early heating by decay of radionuclides raised the temperature of the interior above the Fe-alloy melting point, initial metal segregation was controlled by permeable flow of molten iron alloy in a solid silicate matrix. These conditions were likely met by many terrestrial objects in the early solar nebula. Efficient removal of residual Fe-alloy (5 vol.%) from silicate requires high-degree melting of silicate so that metal can segregate as droplets. Giant impacts during the final stage of accretion of large planetary objects could supply the energy required for high-degrees of melting. Alternatively, if initial metal segregation were delayed until a planetary object grew to large size (∼1000 km in diameter), release of gravitational potential energy due to metal segregation could contribute enough heat to form a magma ocean.     

聚合物改性硫化亚铁在饱和多孔介质中的迁移性能

本文采用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、瓜尔胶（Guar gum）对硫化亚铁（FeS）进行了改性,以增强FeS的稳定性和迁移性。通过实验考察了3种FeS（CMC-FeS、GG-FeS、Nano-FeS）的沉降性能及其在粗、中、细砂3种介质中的迁移性能,并根据胶体过滤理论计算了3种FeS在中砂中的沉积速率及在不同介质中的最大迁移距离。结果表明：改性后FeS的稳定性较高,抗沉降性能CMC-FeS > GG-FeS >> Nano-FeS;由穿透曲线看出,3种FeS在粗、中、细砂中的穿透能力（即出流质量浓度ρ_i与注入质量浓度ρ₀的比值）均为CMC-FeS > GG-FeS > Nano-FeS。粗砂和中砂中CMC-FeS的穿透能力明显高于GG-FeS,但细砂中二者的穿透能力相近,说明瓜尔胶的剪切稀化特性更利于GG-FeS在细颗粒介质中的迁移;FeS注入质量浓度的增加会导致更多的FeS沉积到介质中,但聚合物改性可以显著降低沉积速率,沉积速率CMC-FeS < GG-FeS < Nano-FeS;改性后CMC-FeS和GG-FeS在中砂的最大迁移距离分别是Nano-FeS的6.4倍和2.6倍,增加GG-FeS注入质量浓度对其最大迁移距离影响较小。     

生物合成FeS及其稳定性柱迁移研究

金属纳米硫化亚铁(FeS)在重/类金属修复上具有广阔的应用前景。使用嗜酸性铁还原菌(JF-5)和硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)合成生物纳米FeS,探讨其自然沉降规律,并使用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为稳定剂,探讨CMC-FeS在石英砂柱中的迁移特性。结果表明,SRB和JF-5菌液在一定比例下混合即能生成纳米FeS,且当混合菌液中n(Fe)/n(S)=0.2时FeS生成量最多,颗粒物浓度达2 400 mg/L;FeS的自然沉降速率在0.1%CMC溶液中得到有效减缓。对流扩散模型能很好地描述CMC-FeS悬浮颗粒在石英砂柱中的迁移行为,相比于纯水-FeS体系(R²=0.20),其模型相关性最高达0.85;在90、180和360 mL/h这3种输入流速下,中等流速180 mL/h能够获得最佳渗透性,其渗透系数平均值为243.97 cm/h。实验结果表明,CMC-FeS的稳定性和迁移性较纯水-FeS均得到加强,可为土壤污染修复提供理论参考。     

生物纳米FeS强化灰岩去除酸矿废水中砷的研究

通过两种还原型微生物铁还原菌JF-5和硫酸盐还原菌SRB对模拟酸矿废水中Fe~(3+)和SO~(2-)_4的还原作用合成纳米FeS,并将该生物纳米FeS包覆在灰岩表面,以提高灰岩可渗透反应墙(PRBs)对酸矿废水中砷的去除能力。通过批吸附实验研究As(Ⅴ)的静态吸附机理,柱实验研究As(Ⅴ)在包覆灰岩柱中的动态吸附和迁移,结果表明,包覆层生物FeS粒径为纳米级,并呈现一定晶形,能有效提高灰岩表面的比表面积和对As(Ⅴ)的吸附能力,红外光谱分析表明化学吸附为主要吸附机制;生物纳米FeS包覆灰岩静态吸附实验最大吸附量为187.46μg/g,达到纯灰岩吸附量(6.64μg/g)的30倍;JF-5和SRB形成的生物包覆吸附性质优于SRB和Fe(Ⅱ),二者对As(Ⅴ)的吸附能力都远大于纯灰岩对As(Ⅴ)的滞留能力。     

含铁闪锌矿热容与其FeS含量的关系

本文在利用ＤｕＰｏｎｔ公司的９９００型差式扫描量热仪（９９００ＤｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌＳｃａｎｎｉｎｇＣａｌｏｒｉｍｅｔｅｒ,简称ＤＳＣ）对７个含铁闪锌矿样品的定压摩尔热容量进行实验测定的基础上,分析了热容与ＦｅＳ含量的关系。１样品特点及实验结果７个含...     

Rapid detection of bioavailable heavy metals in sediment porewaters using acid-volatile sulfide gel probes

The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) pool in anoxic sediments is believed to play an important role in the sequestration of heavy metals, forming less soluble mineral sulfides via replacement and coprecipitation reactions. In this study, novel sediment gel probes containing immobilized FeS or MnS particles were evaluated for their ability to concentrate and detect reactive heavy metals in solution. MnS-containing gels were more effective than FeS gels at concentrating most metals in solution external to the gels, but they were more difficult to prepare and use. Copper reacted with FeS in gel probes to form one or more secondary sulfide minerals insoluble in 1 N HCl. The pixel density of digital images of these gels was highly correlated with the concentration of copper in gels and total copper in solution, suggesting a method for rapid screening of bioavailable heavy metals. Copper added to Youghiogheny River (PA, USA) sediments could be detected using this approach.     

Transmission electron microscopy on iron monosulfide varieties from the Suizhou meteorite

Transmission electron microscopy on the iron monosulfide (FeS) varieties from the Suizhou meteorite (Hubei, China) reveals the intergrowth of primary hexagonal 2C troilite and minor monoclinic 4C pyrrhotite (SG: F2/d) phases as nanometer-scale domain microstructure. In addition, anti-phase domain boundaries are found to present in the 2C troilite superstructure with the displacement vector 1/4[001]_2C, which is expected to form during the translational symmetry breaking during cooling from higher symmetry, high-temperature modification of the NiAs-type (SG: P6₃/mmc) structure. Furthermore, 60° rotation twinning about the pseudo-hexagonal c-axis is observed in the 4C pyrrhotite superstructure, which may result from rotation symmetry reduction induced by the ordered arrangements of metal vacancies through solid-state transformation during further cooling. All the above microstructural characteristics are discussed with consideration to the thermal metamorphism history experienced by the Suizhou meteorite.     

四川盆地飞仙关组气藏硫化氢成因及其依据

四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关组鲕滩气藏天然气烃类气体以甲烷为主,含量主要分布在75%～90%之间,C2＋含量为0～0.15%;非烃气体以H2S和CO2为主,含量分别为5%～20%和1%～10%。已有观点认为H2S为飞仙关组气藏附近的石膏经硫酸盐热化学还原作用（TSR）而成。随着川东北气区大中型高含硫化氢气田的发现,硫化氢成因机理的研究备受关注。应用金管、高压釜和石英管等实验方法模拟了硫化氢气体的生成,同时检测了模拟生成的硫化氢和石膏、硫磺等硫化物的硫同位素。实验结果表明:硫磺与正己烷在较低温度即可生成大量的硫化氢气体,而正己烷与硫酸钙的反应总体上比较困难,且生成的H2S量较少;富含黄铁矿的低成熟泥灰岩模拟生烃过程中可以生成与甲烷相当,甚至超过甲烷含量的硫化氢气体;含硫化合物与烃类反应生成的硫化氢的硫同位素值比原始物质的硫同位素值重。地层中的SO2－4是海相地层中H2S气体形成的最初来源。含硫烃源岩直接生成高硫化氢天然气和储层中单质硫与烃类的反应是川东北飞仙关组天然气中硫化氢形成的主要原因。     

运用红外光谱测定闪锌矿中FeS分子摩尔百分含量的方法探讨

本文介绍了运用红外光谱测定闪锌矿中硫化铁分子摩尔百分含量的新方法。这一方法用样量少、简便、迅速,只要测出闪锌矿的红外光谱特征吸收频率,根据公式FeS(mol%)=-0.126+2.162(x-309),或作图,就能容易地获得闪锌矿中硫化铁分子摩尔百分含量。