Geochemistry and petrogenesis of anorogenic basic volcanic-plutonic rocks of the Kundal area,Malani Igneous Suite,western Rajasthan,India

The Kundal area of Malani Igneous Suite consists of volcano-plutonic rocks. Basalt flows and gabbro intrusives are associated with rhyolite. Both the basic rocks consist of similar mineralogy of plagioclase, clinopyroxene as essential and Fe-Ti oxides as accessories. Basalt displays sub-ophitic and glomeroporphyritic textures whereas gabbro exhibits sub-ophitic, porphyritic and intergrannular textures. They show comparable chemistry and are enriched in Fe, Ti and incompatible elements as compared to MORB/CFB. Samples are enriched in LREE and slightly depleted HREE patterns with least significant positive Eu anomalies. Petrographical study and petrogenetic modeling of [Mg]-[Fe], trace and REE suggest cogenetic origin of these basic rocks and they probably derived from Fe-enriched source with higher Fe/Mg ratio than primitive mantle source. Thus, it is concluded that the basic volcano-plutonic rocks of Kundal area are the result of a low to moderate degree (< 30%) partial melting of source similar to picrite/komatiitic composition. Within plate, anorogenic setting for the basic rocks of Kundal area is suggested, which is in conformity with the similar setting for Malani Igneous Suite.     

U-Pb Zircon Calendar for Namaquan (Grenville) Crustal Events in the Granulite-facies Terrane of the O'okiep Copper District of South Africa

The O'okiep Copper District is underlain by voluminous 1035–1210Ma granite gneiss and granite with remnants of metamorphosedsupracrustal rocks. This assemblage was intruded by the 1030Ma copper-bearing Koperberg Suite that includes jotunite, anorthosite,biotite diorite and hypersthene-bearing rocks ranging from leuconoriteto hypersthenite. New sensitive high-resolution ion microprobeage data demonstrate the presence of 1700–2000 Ma zirconas xenocrysts in all of the intrusive rocks, and as detritalzircon in the metasediments of the Khurisberg Subgroup. Thesedata are consistent with published Sm–Nd model ages ofc. 1700 Ma (T_CHUR) and c. 2000 Ma (T_DM) of many of the intrusivesthat support a major crust-forming event in Eburnian (Hudsonian)times. In addition, U–Th–Pb analyses of zirconsfrom all major rock units define two tectono-magmatic episodesof the Namaquan Orogeny: (1) the O'okiepian Episode (1180–1210Ma), represented by regional granite plutonism, notably theNababeep and Modderfontein Granite Gneisses and the Concordiaand Kweekfontein Granites that accompanied and outlasted (e.g.Kweekfontein Granite) regional tectonism [F₂(D₂)] and granulite-faciesmetamorphism (M₂); (2) the Klondikean Episode (1020–1040Ma), which includes the intrusion of the porphyritic RietbergGranite and of the Koperberg Suite that are devoid of regionalplanar or linear fabrics. Klondikean tectonism (D₃) is reflectedby major east–west-trending open folds [F₃(D_3a)], andby localized east–west-trending near-vertical ductilefolds [‘steep structures’; F₄(D_3b)] whose formationwas broadly coeval with the intrusion of the Koperberg Suite.A regional, largely thermal, amphibolite- to granulite-faciesmetamorphism (M₃) accompanied D₃. This study demonstrates, interalia, that the complete spectrum of rock-types of the KoperbergSuite, together with the Rietberg Granite, was intruded in ashort time-interval (<10 Myr) at c. 1030 Ma, and that therewere lengthy periods of about 150 Myr of tectonic quiescencewithin the Namaquan Orogeny: (1) between the O'okiepian andKlondikean Episodes; (2) from the end of the latter to the formalend of Namaquan Orogenesis 800–850 Ma ago. KEY WORDS: U–Pb, zircon; O'okiep, Namaqualand; granite plutonism; granulite facies; Koperberg Suite; Namaquan (Grenville) Orogeny     

Granite gneiss basement on Flinders Island,South Australia

A U–Pb zircon age of 1762 ± 11 Ma is reported for granite gneiss located on Flinders Island, South Australia. This age is identical, within analytical uncertainty, to a previously reported age for schists of the Price Metasediments located 100 km to the southeast on the southwestern coast of the Eyre Peninsula. The outcrop represents the only known country rock to the Early Mesoproterozoic Calca Granite (Hiltaba Suite) of Flinders Island, the largest island of the Investigator Group of islands, in the southwestern Gawler Craton. The stratigraphic name Investigator Granite Gneiss is proposed for this rock unit. The discovery of the Investigator Granite Gneiss now considerably increases the extent of known Late Palaeoproterozoic rocks on the eastern side of the peninsula. The outcrop was previously included with the considerably younger St Peter Suite granite‐monzogranite, and grouped together with other islands in the Investigator Group. This new dating suggests that the geology on the other islands may require revision. For the first time, detailed major and trace‐element geochemistry is supplied for the granite gneiss on Flinders Island.     

Geology of the Acropolis prospect,South Australia,constrained by high-precision CA-TIMS ages

Abstract

Acropolis is an Fe-oxide–copper–gold prospect ～20?km from Olympic Dam, South Australia, and marked by near-coincident gravity and magnetic anomalies. Prospective Fe-oxide–apatite?±?sulfide veins occur in Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic volcanic and granitoid host units beneath unmineralised sedimentary formations. We have produced a geological map and history of the prospect using data from 16 diamond drill holes, including LA-ICPMS and high-precision CA-TIMS ages. The oldest unit is megacrystic granite of the Donington Suite (ca 1850?Ma). A non-conformity spanning ca 250 My separates the Donington Suite and felsic lavas and ignimbrites of the Gawler Range Volcanics (GRV; 1594.03?±?0.68?Ma). The GRV were intruded by granite of the Hiltaba Suite (1594.88?±?0.50?Ma) and felsic dykes (1593.88?±?0.56?Ma; same age as the Roxby Downs Granite at Olympic Dam). The felsic dykes are weakly altered and lack Fe-oxide–apatite–sulfide veins, suggesting that they post-date the main hydrothermal event. If correct, this relationship implies that the main hydrothermal event at Acropolis was ca 1594?Ma and pre-dated the main hydrothermal event at Olympic Dam. The GRV at Acropolis are the same age as the GRV at Olympic Dam and ca 3–7 My older than the GRV exposed in the Gawler Ranges. The gravity and magnetic anomalies coincide with sections through the GRV, Hiltaba Suite and Donington Suite that contain abundant, wide, Fe-oxide veins. The GRV, Hiltaba Suite and Donington Suite are unconformably overlain by the Mesoproterozoic Pandurra Formation or Neoproterozoic Stuart Shelf sedimentary formations. The Pandurra Formation shows marked lateral variations in thickness related to paleotopography on the underlying units and post-Pandurra Formation pre-Neoproterozoic faults. The Stuart Shelf sedimentary formations have uniform thicknesses.

1. KEY POINTS

2. Fe-oxide–apatite?±?sulfide veins are hosted by the Gawler Range Volcanics (1594.03?±?0.68?Ma), the Hiltaba Suite granite (1594.88?±?0.50?Ma) and Donington Suite granite (ca 1850?Ma).

3. The age of felsic dykes (1593.88?±?0.56?Ma) interpreted to be post-mineralisation implies that the main hydrothermal event at Acropolis was ca 1594?Ma.

4. The Gawler Range Volcanics at Acropolis are the same age as the Gawler Range Volcanics at Olympic Dam and ca 3 to 7 My older than the Gawler Range Volcanics exposed in the Gawler Ranges.

     

通化七道沟葛家大窝子单元的就位机制及其成因探讨

就位机制问题是花岗岩地区工作的一个重点,一般来说,一个花岗岩单元,其各侵入体应该具有统一的就位机制,然而事实并非如此,葛家大窝子单元就是一个例外,本文阐述了葛家大窝子单元综合地质特征相同的不同浸入体,其就位机制不同的情况,并对其成因进行了初步探讨。     

Cambrian-Early Ordovician intrusive bodies in Dunhuang Block: Records of Paleo-Asian Ocean subduction and implications for regional Early Paleozoic tectonic evolutionSCIEI北大核心CSCD

一直以来,敦煌地块缺少1.6-0.46Ga的地质记录,从而严重制约了对该地块在新元古代和早古生代期间地质构造演化的全面认识。通过1:5万区域地质调查,本次工作在敦煌地块东北缘新发现了寒武纪-早奥陶世小宛山岩体、截山子岩体和小宛南岩体等多个中酸性侵入体,测得其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为517±3Ma、480±3Ma和473±3Ma,由此厘定出敦煌地块目前古生代最古老的侵入岩体及早奥陶世侵入岩体。通过这些岩体的岩石岩相学、岩石地球化学特征、岩石成因及大地构造环境分析,表明它们属于与洋壳俯冲消减作用有关的活动陆缘环境下形成的富钠质I型花岗岩。其中,小宛山花岗闪长质岩体是在低压低温条件下由玄武质地幔楔部分熔融而成,同时受到俯冲流体的强烈交代;截山子岩体和小宛南岩体则是在高压低温富水条件下,由新生镁铁质洋壳发生部分熔融并受到地幔楔强烈混染而形成,虽然它们均属于(类)O型埃达克岩,但其部分熔融的压力及其残留矿物组合不同。上述研究揭示敦煌地块北缘早古生代517Ma就存在俯冲作用,且至少持续了44Myr。结合区域地质资料和以往研究成果,敦煌地块北缘早古生代洋陆转换过程可分为三个阶段:(1)晚震旦世-早寒武世(574-518Ma),敦煌地块北缘被动陆缘演化阶段;(2)寒武纪第二世-早奥陶世(517-471Ma),敦煌地块北缘活动陆缘演化阶段,期间,古亚洲洋南支洋分别向敦煌地块和石板山地块/马鬃山地块发生双向俯冲消减;(3)中奥陶世-早泥盆世(464-412Ma),敦煌地块与石板山地块/马鬃山地块碰撞造山阶段,期间古亚洲洋南支洋闭合。     

古亚洲构造域侵入岩时——空演化框架

长期以来,许多著名学者提出众多模型,讨论古亚洲构造域的构造演化和造山(带)结构样式。但是,认识上的分歧很大,特别是关于主洋盆的空间位置和闭合时间。本文主要基于中国侵入岩大地构造编图(1∶250万)和研究这个侧面,参与讨论。1侵入(岩)弧,碰撞和后造山岩石组合,随时间由西向东变新,同时,主构造带走向从近东西向转为近南北向,暗示古亚洲洋的闭合最终转化为太平洋构造域。2位于主洋盆北侧的是宽阔的西伯利亚克拉通南缘的沟——弧——盆系统;位于南侧的西面为南天山被动陆缘,中部为塔里木克拉通北缘的窄的沟——弧——盆系统,东面为华北克拉通北缘的活动陆缘。3主体侵入(岩)弧的内部分散地分布着从Pt3开始的残留弧和残留oφ,被看做是主体弧的基底。4传统上认为的构造相对稳定的"地块",本文基于它们的侵入(岩)组合归为残留弧,认为不是构造上相对稳定的性质,并未采用"地块"的术语,而把它们看作洋陆转换过程中早期残余岛弧处理。5提出主洋盆的识别有三个标志,(a)洋闭合最晚,(b)或为双向俯冲(当两侧均为活动大陆边缘时),或单向俯冲(当一侧为被动陆缘,另一侧为活动陆缘时),(c)长寿命的洋以及洋闭合带常常发育地中海式残余洋发育的陆——陆碰撞早阶段。6该构造域主要发育Pt3——T的侵入(岩)弧和oφ,支持S¨engor等关于大量新生陆壳的推测,亦与大量花岗岩类为εNd(t)"+"值符合。新生陆壳的形成又暗示,长时间的洋俯冲必导致地幔的冷却,以及大量榴辉岩进入地幔,最终导致高密度的地幔下降流形成,必导致洋的闭合与随后的陆——陆碰撞,形成最初的东亚大陆。     

建平地区三座庙序列侵入岩侵位机制讨论

通过野外对三座庙序列侵入岩的岩体平面与剖面形态、岩体的内部构造、岩石与围岩的构造型式、接触带的度形特征等宏观地质特征的研究,推测岩体侵入位机制为强力挤入方式定位,即气球膨张式。笔者运用岩石的有限应变测量原理和方法,结合岩组分析及流变学、现代变形理论,对三座庙序列的侵入岩岩石做了有限应变测量和岩组分析工作,所得定量资料为确定岩体的浸位机制提供了理论依据。三种岩石有限应变测量,即:算术平均法、长短轴法、Rf/φ曲线法的富林指数k值均在0相似文献   

基于扎根理论的节事场所依赖维度探索性研究——以2011西安世界园艺博览会为例

场所依赖(place attachment)探讨的是个人对充满意义的特定场所产生的某种认知或感情的联系。作为一项探索性研究,以2011西安世界园艺博览会为案例,采用质性研究方法,通过参与观察和深度访谈等手段获取研究资料,运用扎根理论深入分析游客的活动特征和情感态度,研究游客的节事场所依赖特征。在此基础上挖掘和提炼节事场所依赖的维度,最终构建一个由个体、社会、场所和节事4个维度构成的节事场所依赖PSPE概念模型,为节事场所依赖的定量研究打下基础。     

河南桐柏围山城地区主要侵入岩年代学与地球化学特征

河南省桐柏围山城地区位于华北板块与扬子板块之间的秦岭造山带与大别造山带的衔接部位,本文对产于该区的主要侵入岩体开展了锆石SHRIMP测年和岩石地球化学特征研究。总共对8件样品开展了SHRIMP测年,其中产于破山银矿区的云斜煌岩获得的锆石SHRIMP测年结果为461.8 ± 9.7 Ma,MSWD＝1.10,表明其形成于加里东中期。在桃园岩体及其南部混染带内产出的变辉长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和黑云母花岗岩共获得了6组年龄数据,分别是431.7 ± 8.3 Ma （MSWD＝0.76）、432.3 ± 7.5Ma （MSWD＝0.45）、470.3 ± 8.3Ma（MSWD＝1.3）、431.5 ± 8.2 Ma（MSWD＝1.6）、433 ± 11 Ma（MSWD＝1.8）和426.7 ± 9.1 Ma（MSWD＝1.6）,说明桃园岩体是加里东晚期岩浆侵位产物。梁湾岩体花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP测年结果分别为132.5 ± 2.3Ma （MSWD＝1.5）和137.0 ± 3.4Ma （MSWD＝1.9）,为燕山中期。锆石SHRIMP测年结果表明,围山城地区主要侵入岩的岩浆活动集中在三个时期,分别是460-470Ma,430Ma和135Ma。侵入岩体的岩石地球化学研究结果表明,与加里东晚期花岗岩相比,燕山中期花岗岩明显富K、Nb和Rb贫Na和Y。Pb-Sr-Nd同位素示踪研究表明,加里东晚期花岗岩明显富含放射性成因Pb,其206Pb/204Pb值为19.342～19.712,平均值19.512,（87Sr/86Sr）i值较低,变化于0.70211~0.704899,εNd (t)值均为正值,变化范围为+3.55～+7.53,显示成岩物质来源较深,可能来自亏损地幔;而燕山中期花岗岩的放射性成因Pb含量低,206Pb/204Pb值为17.278～17.492,平均值17.370, （87Sr/86Sr）i值相对较高,为0.707004~0.716968,εNd (t)值均为较大负值,变化范围为-16.95～-9.76,显示成岩物质来源较浅,可能来自下地壳。围山城地区加里东晚期花岗岩与燕山中期花岗岩岩石地球化学特征上的差别与它们形成时所处的大地构造环境有关,加里东晚期花岗岩形成于弧后环境,而燕山中期花岗岩则形成于华北与扬子两大板块碰撞后的岩石圈减薄与伸展构造环境。