西宁盆地泥石流类型及其防治意见

概略地叙述了西宁地区的泥石流形成条件和形成机理,并将西宁地区泥石流划分为稀性泥石流类及泥石质泥石流种类。在此基础上提出防治泥石流灾害的意见。     

菏泽市地质灾害现状与防治

菏泽市地质灾害类型主要为地震、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝、砂土液化、土地盐渍化及地氟病等，其发育与分布受地质构造、水文地质条件的控制以及气象、人类活动等因素的影响。就其分布、危害、致灾原因等做了分析，并提出了防治建议和对策。     

Assessment of frozen-ground conditions for engineering geology along the Qinghai–Tibet highway and railway, China

The Qinghai–Tibet Highway and Railway (the Corridor) across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau traverses 670 km of permafrost and seasonally frozen-ground in the interior of the Plateau, which is sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic environmental changes. The frozen-ground conditions for engineering geology along the Corridor is complicated by the variability in the near-surface lithology, and the mosaic presence of warm permafrost and talik in a periglacial environment. Differential settlement is the major frost-effect problem encountered over permafrost areas. The traditional classification of frozen ground based on the areal distribution of permafrost is too generalized for engineering purposes and a more refined classification is necessary for engineering design and construction. A proposed classification of 51 zones, sub-zones, and sections of frozen ground has been widely adopted for the design and construction of foundations in the portion of the Corridor studied. The mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), near-surface soil types and moisture content, and active faults and topography are most commonly the primary controlling factors in this classification. However, other factors, such as local microreliefs, drainage conditions, and snow and vegetation covers also exert important influences on the features of frozen ground. About 60% of the total length of the Corridor studied possesses reasonably good frozen-ground conditions, which do not need special mitigative measures for frost hazards. However, other sections, such as warm and ice-rich or -saturated permafrost, particularly in the sections in wetlands, ground improvement measures such as elevated land bridges and passive or proactive cooling techniques need to be applied to ensure the long-term stability of thermally unstable, thick permafrost subsoils, and/or refill with non-frost-susceptible soils. Due to the long-history of the construction and management of the Corridor by various government departments, adverse impacts of construction and operation on the permafrost environment have been resulted. It is recommended that an integrated, executable plan for the routing of major construction projects within this transportation corridor be established and long-term monitoring networks installed for evaluating and mitigating the impact from anthropogenic and climatic changes in frozen-ground conditions.     

青岛地区的环境水文地质问题及其防治对策

随着工农业的发展,围绕水资源的开发利用而产生的环境水文地质问题,日益向广度和深度发展。青岛地区近年来产生的环境水文地质问题主要有:地下水超采造成的区域性水位下降、海水入侵及地下水污染。另外,部分地区存在原生环境水文地质问题之一——地方性氟病。本文试就这些问题出现的原因、发展程度、防治措施及进一步的研究方向,作了一些有益的探讨。     

台湾海峡隧道工程的若干工程地质问题与选线方案探讨

对台湾海峡的地质状况了进行了分析，作者认为，台湾海峡的工程地质条件复杂，地震、活动断裂、岩土体稳定性、海底底床活动性等是隧道工程将遇到的主要工程地质问题。隧道的线路选择应进行全面、深入的技术、经济比较。平潭至新竹和厦门经澎湖至嘉义海滨是两个可选的隧道线路方案。     

新建水坝对下游已建水工建筑物的影响分析

分析了新建水坝及社会经济发展因素对坝下游水流及泥沙的影响，用一个简易河床模型来说明新建大坝后下游河床的演变规律，通过坝下游河床一般演变分析来阐述局部冲刷对已建水工建筑物基础的影响及对已建水工建筑基础的防护措施。     

青岛市水环境污染及其防治对策

通过分析近几年青岛市地表，地下水水质监测资料，总结水环境污染地区分布规律，摸清水环境污染形成原因，对当前防污治污工作提出了对策建议。     

中国近海海区污损生物研究现状及展望

近海海区通常是指离岸3n mile以上或水深超过25m的水域(Relini et al.，1994)；海洋污损生物是海洋环境中栖息或附着在船舶和各种水下人工设施上，对人类经济活动产生不利影响的动物、植物和微生物的总称，它不仅是影响海洋设施安全与使用寿命的重要因素，也是人类开始接触海洋时所关注的问题。本文就污损生物对海洋结构物的影响和我国近海污损生物研究的进展状况、存在问题等方面进行了综合论述，并对未来几年内为研究方向和重点进行了探讨，以期为下一阶段研究工作提供一些具有参考价值的依据和建议。     

浙江省海岸侵蚀及防治概述

浙江海岸侵蚀现象普遍存在。基岩海岸海蚀地貌发育,因其组成物质抗冲蚀能力强,岸线后退不明显;砂砾质海岸普遍发生侵蚀,尤其是无计划的人工挖沙,造成沙滩减小或消失;淤泥质海岸大多处于缓慢的淤涨状态,但由于自然条件的改变和人为作用的影响,某些岸段发生侵蚀,特别是受到台风暴潮的影响,岸线在短时间内出现大规模后退和滩面下蚀。侵蚀岸段主要见于杭州湾北岸澉浦至金丝娘桥岸段,杭州湾南岸临山至西三岸段及瓯江口北岸盘石至黄华岸段。淤泥质海岸后缘为滨海平原,组成物质为粘土质粉砂,抗冲蚀能力弱,为防止和减轻海岸侵蚀,沿岸建造各类海岸工程(海塘、丁坝、导堤等),提高防潮抗浪能力,在朝滩种植大米草,互花米草,消浪促淤明显。另外,在海岸开发活动中,应加强海岸侵蚀监测和综合管理。     

山东全新世滨海软土与工程地质灾害的研究

山东全新世滨海软土分布在海湾、泻湖、河口区，厚度１－１０ｍ。海湾、泻湖软土为淤泥、淤泥质土，陆源物质供应丰富的浅水区，软土颗粒偏粗，强度相对较高，触变性对建筑物危害性大，陆源物质供应少的深水区，软土颗粒偏细，低强度、高压缩性、沉降变形大和蠕变性是危及建筑物稳定的主要因素。海湾、泻湖软土位于地下水位下，具低透水性，掩埋后短期不易排水固结，软土下为强度较高的冲积物，对一般建筑物，利用强夯、粉喷搅拌桩、