新疆和田河水资源利用与绿色走廊生态建设研究

水是和田河绿色走廊形成与演变最重要的因素。虽然和田河径流量年际变化比较平稳．但年内径流量洪枯季节差异十分悬殊，人工调配水资源的难度较大。随着人类开发利用水资源规模扩大．水资源时空分布格局发生变化，中上游人工绿洲面积扩大，下游绿色走廊植被衰竭，土地荒漠化日趋严重，走廊生态环境持续恶化。文章分析了和田河水资源变化对下游绿色走廊兴衰的影响过程，提出了合理利用水资源、保护绿色走廊生态环境的对策建议。     

Sandy gravel accumulation in a fluvial environment

Particle size, pebble shape, pebble fabric, discharge and flow velocity data are used to introduce a model of sandy gravel formation in Welsh gravel-bed rivers. The development of contact-imbrication of the typically very bladed and very platy cobbles and larger pebbles subsequently acts to significantly affect the depositional modes and patterns of small pebbles and sand particles. An important distinction is drawn between sand deposition, which can occur at or below the bed surface, and pebble and cobble deposition, which is merely a surface phenomenon.     

和田玉的鉴定与评估

新疆和田玉是世界软玉品种中最好的一种,有“玉王”之称。该文对和田玉的矿物组成、化学成分及物理性质进行了鉴定分析,提出了和田玉原料及玉器的评估方法。     

Comparison of the results of quantitative and non-quantitative tracer tests for determination of Karst conduit networks: An example from the Traligill Basin,Scotland

The relative advantages of fluorescent dyes and Lycopodium spores as tracers are discussed. The major advantage of fluorescent dyes is that they may be detected quantitatively. Thus, in combination with discharge measurements, a dye mass balance can be prepared for tracer tests in karst conduits, which permits elucidation of the underground network. The advantages of this procedure are illustrated by comparison of the networks derived from non-quantitative (Lycopodium and dye) and quantitative (fluorescent dye) tracer methods in the Traligill Basin, Scotland. These tests also suggest that Lycopodium does not give a true indication of travel time, due to sedimentation underground. This could also cause contamination problems in later tests. For non-quantitative tracer tests, sensitive methods are necessary if incorrect inferences on conduit networks are to be avoided. In general, however, quantitative tests give much less ambiguous results, and are therefore to be preferred.     

Soil water dye tracing,with special reference to the use of rhodamine WT,lissamine FF and amino G acid

Three fluorescent dyes (Rhodamine WT, Lissamine FF and Amino G Acid) are compared for use in soil water tracing. Severe limitations are evident, but practical applications are possible. Background fluorescence, adsorption, desorption, pH and other non-adsorptive effects are reviewed in the contexts of soil column work and field tracing of soil water. Lissamine FF and Amino G Acid are to be preferred for soil column work because of their lower adsorption; Rhodamine WT exhibits higher adsorption but is useful in field situations where organic fluorescence backgrounds are high. Semi-quantitative work may be undertaken in soil columns once a priming and flushing procedure has been adopted.     

福建省长汀县河田镇的水蚀荒漠化及其治理

福建省长汀县河田镇的水蚀荒漠化是我国南方花岗岩丘陵地区的一个典型代表,严重的水蚀荒漠化主要由两个因素造成：在自然因素方面,一方面由于地表物质主要由风化强烈的花岗岩组成,为水蚀荒漠化的发展提供了物质基础,另一方面丰沛且集中的降水增加了水蚀荒漠化的强度;在社会因素方面,人口剧增加大了对土地的压力,几次大规模乱砍滥伐又使植被大量破坏。中华人民共和国成立以来,采取了科学试验研究与群众治理实践相结合的方针,开展了水蚀荒漠化的防治工作,使治理区生态环境得到明显改善。     

石亭江水平定向钻穿越施工技术浅析

文章主要阐述了兰成渝输油管道石亭江定向穿越施工技术方法和过程中遇到的问题,其中取得的经验和教训对今后采用何种方法穿越大粒径、大范围、大厚度的卵石地层具有一定的借鉴意义。     

和田玉子料"肉"与"皮"的关系初探

通过对大量和田玉子料的表皮及玉肉的观察与分析以及子料薄片的镜下观察与红外光谱分析,对和田玉子料"肉"与"皮"的关系进行了探讨.子料有以下几种表皮特征:皮色、"汗毛孔"、"砂眼"、裂纹、礓等,玉石内部的特征有礓、杂质、铁花等."皮"与"肉"之间存在一定的对应关系,如:"汗毛孔"的大小会反映玉质的粗细;"砂眼"说明内部有不稳定矿物,如黄铁矿出现处会在表皮形成凹坑;礓出现则往往内外相通,礓的分布特征与玉料品质相关,如星点分布,则严重影响玉石的均匀性.和田玉中的主要组成矿物透闪石也可能表现为礓,其在结构上与其周边玉石迥然不同,不同矿物种类,如透辉石、方解石亦可形成礓.裂纹出现并不都是缺陷,有时会形成沿裂隙分布的鲜艳皮色.以上这些对应关系对于和田玉子料的鉴定、评价以及设计加工都有理论或实践意义.当然目前这些还不能表征和田玉"肉"与"皮"的特征以及对应关系的全部,其中对应关系的原因也有待于深入探讨.     

和田河流域近 60 年降水尧气温与径流演变特征研究

以新疆和田河流域为例,采取Mann-Kendall趋势检测法、Pettitt突变检测法与小波分析等方法剖析了研究区近60年气温、降雨和径流变动特点。结果显示：（1）研究区降水、气温和径流均有增加或升高趋势,其中气温变化呈显著增加;（2）研究区降水、气温、径流突变分别发生于1986年、1996年和1993年;（3）研究区降水、气温和径流均无显著性周期性变化,但存在短时间段周期变化,降水在研究时段内呈现丰枯交替变化,自20世纪90年代逐渐湿化。气温呈现逐渐升高的发展趋势。20世纪90年代以前,径流年代际变化以偏枯为主,近20年年代际变化以偏丰为主。     

卵石地层的特殊性及其对基坑支护的影响分析

主要从卵石地层的特征分类、特殊结构及场内施工条件3个方面,对基坑支护结构选型及施工工艺选择进行深入、系统的分析论证,力求使在卵石地层中的基坑支护设计方案更科学、经济,使施工方法、工艺更具可操作性。