化脓性脊柱炎影像学诊断(附23例分析)

笔者报告了23例化脓性脊柱炎。本文着重分析对比了X线平片和CT检查结果,通过分析对比,发现CT检查优于X线平片,并有助于对化脓性脊柱炎早期作出诊断。主要影像学表现:早期,软组织肿胀和脓肿形成,骨质呈虫蚀状破坏,随之破坏区周围出现增生硬化。CT 还能发现炎块中的气体。晚期,骨质修复占优势,即骨质增生硬化,骨桥形成,最后可产生骨性融合。     

化脓性脊柱炎影像学诊断（附23例分析）

笔者报告了２３例化脓性脊柱炎。本文着重分析对比了Ｘ线平片和ＣＴ检查结果，通过分析对比，发现ＣＴ检查优于Ｘ线平片，并有助于对化脓性脊柱炎早期作出诊断。主要影像学表现：早期，软组织肿胀和脓肿形成，骨质呈虫蚀状破坏，随之破坏区周围出现增生硬化。ＣＴ还能发现炎块中的气块，晚期骨修复占优势，即骨质增生硬化，骨桥形成，最后可产生骨性融合。     

城市化防震减灾经济性研究

本文通过对东南沿海地震背景和地震破坏性经济损失,结合国内外城市化进程中防震减灾经济性对比研究,认为地震破坏的负面效应所带来的经济损失十分巨大。因而必须加强防震减灾工作为保障城市化顺利发展服务。     

冀北金台子盆地早白垩世酸性火山岩地球化学、锆石年代学及其地质意义

华北克拉通在中生代以来遭受了显著破坏。前人的研究对克拉通破坏的机制和峰期取得了较大共识, 但是关于克拉通破坏的启动时间一直存在争议。本文通过对冀北金台子中生代盆地构造特征及其填充的火山岩地球化学和年代学进行分析, 为华北克拉通破坏启动时间提供新的约束。研究表明, 金台子盆地为一伸展断陷盆地。盆地呈北东-南西向展布, 东侧被正断层控制, 西侧为地层超覆边界。盆地内自下而上发育后城组、白旗组、啕北营组、九佛堂组火山-沉积组合。后城组是一套稳定的河流相红色砂砾岩沉积地层;白旗组和啕北营组主体为巨厚层流纹岩、流纹质凝灰熔岩, 局部夹安山岩和火山碎屑岩;九佛堂组是一套以砾岩、砂砾岩等为主体的碎屑岩。地球化学分析表明金台子盆地中发育的酸性火山岩源于地壳重熔。锆石U-Pb年代学研究显示, 金台子盆地内流纹岩自约145 Ma开始广泛喷发并形成巨厚层的酸性火山岩地层, 表明此时在华北北缘地区的岩石圈减薄和破坏可能就已非常剧烈, 据此华北克拉通在其北缘的破坏至少应早于145 Ma。     

基于深度学习的倾斜摄影建筑物表面损毁信息提取

建筑物受损信息是地震受灾程度评估的基础,针对传统建筑物表面信息识别人工成本高、效率低等问题,受深度学习提取建筑物影像的启发,提出利用无人机倾斜摄影模型与深度学习相结合的方法提取震后建筑物表面破损信息。以2019年长宁6.0级地震为例,选用双河镇震后倾斜摄影模型切片图为数据源,对比分析面向对象分类方法、VGG-16模型和DeeplabV3+模型对建筑物表面损毁信息的提取结果。分析结果表明,针对建筑物表面破损信息的提取,尤其是细小裂缝的提取,语义分割网络DeeplabV3+模型具有较强的优势(准确率96.93%、召回率96.85%、总体精度96.89%),可实现建筑物表面破损信息的有效提取,具有较强的应用价值。     

鄂尔多斯盆地深部热结构特征及其对华北克拉通破坏的启示

基于二维稳态热传导方程,利用有限元数值模拟方法,选取东西向横穿鄂尔多斯盆地地质与地球物理解释大剖面进行了深部温度场数值模拟研究,得到了华北克拉通西部的鄂尔多斯盆地下伏岩石圈热结构特征.地幔热流变化范围:21.2~24.5mW·m-2,体现为东高西低特征.壳幔热流比(Qc/Qm)介于1.51~1.84之间,为"热壳冷幔".与华北东部地幔热流对比表明,西部的鄂尔多斯盆地相对处于稳定的深部动力学环境.在岩石圈热结构研究基础上,对克拉通地震岩石圈与热岩石圈厚度差异进行了对比,研究表明:鄂尔多斯盆地西部地震岩石圈与热岩石圈厚度差异约达140km,而东部的汾渭地堑,渤海湾盆地二者差异逐渐减小.华北克拉通自西向东,地震岩石圈厚度与热岩石圈厚度差异不断减小,意味着华北克拉通岩石圈下部的软流圈地幔黏性系数自西向东逐渐降低,本文从地热学角度可能印证了太平洋俯冲脱水作用对华北克拉通的影响.     

福建省防震减灾与可持续发展研究

本文从本区独特的地震地质背景、地震活动与断裂构造关系出发,论述地震破坏对经济发展的影响,说明只有加强防震减灾体系建设,方可保障社会与经济可持续发展。     

Grain destruction in interstellar shock waves

Interstellar shock waves can erode and destroy grains present in the shocked gas, primarily as the result of sputtering and grain-grain collisions. Uncertainties in current estimates of sputtering yields are reviewed. Results are presented for the simple case of sputtering of fast grains being stopped in cold gas. An upper limit is derived for sputtering of refractory grains in C-type MHD shocks: shock speedsv _s 50 km s^–1 are required for return of more than 30% of the silicate to the gas phase. Sputtering can also be important for removing molecular ice mantles from grains in two-fluid MHD shock waves in molecular gas. Recent estimates of refractory grain lifetimes against destruction in shock waves are summarized, and the implications of these short lifetimes are discussed.     

大理岩的剪切波分裂对差应力变化响应的实验研究

利用ＤＺ９５型多通道瞬态波形记录仪和ＧＣ－１００型工程多波参数分析仪,对山东莱州大理岩进行了剪切波分裂观测研究．通过两组岩样的测量,在带有自然优势定向排列裂缝的岩样在无加载状态下发现剪切波的分裂现象,而带有优势层理走向的完整岩石则在加载到一定程度下才能观测到剪切波的分裂．随着载荷的增加,多数岩样在临近破坏时都记录到剪切波分裂的时间延迟有一个迅速的抬升,但抬升之前的变化过程不同,不同位置的观测结果也大不相同．实验还发现,在一定压力下,即使载荷保持不变或卸载一加载,岩石中剪切波分裂的时间延迟仍然增加,我们称之为“惯性生长”．在实验中,还少量地记录到一些声发射事件,和人工源的效果一样,也可在接收波形中清楚地分辨出剪切波的分裂．     

Drillability prediction: geological influences in hard rock drill and blast tunnelling

 Usually the main subject in preliminary site investigations prior to tunnelling projects is the prediction of tunnel stability. During the past years in conventional drill and blast tunnelling, problems have occurred also connected to the accurate prediction of drillability in hard rock. The drillability is not only decisive for the wear of tools and equipment but is – along with the drilling velocity – a standard factor for the progress of excavation works. The estimation of drillability in predicted rock conditions might bear an extensive risk of costs. Therefore, an improved prediction of drilling velocity and bit wear would be desireable. The drillability of a rock mass is determined by various geological and mechanical parameters. In this report some major correlations of specific rock properties and especially geological factors with measured bit wear and drilling velocity are shown. Drilling velocity is dependent on a lot of geological parameters: Those principal parameters include jointing of rock mass, orientation of schistosity (rock anisotropy), degree of interlocking of microstructures, porosity and quality of cementation of clastic rock, degree of hydrothermal decomposition and weathering of a rock mass. Drilling bit wear increases with the equivalent quartz content. The equivalent quartz content builds the main property for the content of wear-relevant minerals. For various groups of rock types different connections with the equivalent quartz content could be detected. In sandstone bit wear is also dependent on porosity or the quality of the cementation. Finally, an investigation program is submitted, which helps to improve the estimation of rock drillability in planning future tunnel projects. Received: 14 June 1996/Accepted: 10 January 1997