道虎沟生物群(前热河生物群)的发现及其地质时代

根据最新发现的动、植物化石 ,确立了“道虎沟生物群”,这一新的生物群属前热河生物群 ,生存时代大体相当于晚侏罗世的牛津期 (Oxfordian)至基末利期 (Kim meridgian)。这一发现大大补充了我国这一地质时期贫乏的化石记录 ,为探讨热河生物群的起源提供了较丰富的第一手材料。     

Palynological dating of infra- and intertrappean sediments in the Mesozoic succession of Borehole PGD-6, Domra Sub-basin, West Bengal, India

Palynofloras have been examined from infra- and intertrappean sediments of the Panchet and Rajmahal Formations in the Domra Sub-basin of the Damodar Basin, West Bengal, India. Three distinct palynological assemblages are identified and referred to the following palynozones: (i)Lundbladispora–Verrucosisporites(506.60–505.00 m, late Early Triassic, (ii)Murospora florida(501.65–422.20 m. Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian), and (iii)Cicatricosisporites australiensis(342.00–229.6 m. Early Cretaceous, Tithonian–Berriasian). The first occurrences ofCallialasporites turbatusandC. dampieriare at 501.65 m.Callialasporitesis a dominant element of the succeeding assemblages from the Panchet Formation and indicates a Jurassic age. The FAD ofCicatricosisporites australiensisandC. augustusat 342.00 m, and inconsistent occurrences ofAequitriradites spinulosus,Crybelosporites stylosusin the overlying sediments indicate Jurassic–Cretaceous transition.     

Palynostratigraphy of the Erkovtsy field of brown coal (the Zeya-Bureya sedimentary basin)

The Erkovtsy brown coal field in the northwestern Zeya-Bureya sedimentary basin (129°–130° E, 46°–47° N) is structurally confined to southern flank of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Belogor’e depression. The verified stratigraphic scheme of the coalfield sedimentary sequence is substantiated by palynological data on core samples from 18 boreholes sampled in the course of detailed prospecting and by paleobotanical analysis of sections in the Yuzhnyi sector of the coalfield (data of 1998 by M.A. Akhmetiev and S.P. Manchester). Sections of the Erkovtsy, Arkhara-Boguchan, and Raichikha brown-coal mines are correlated. Stratigraphic subdivisions distinguished in the studied sedimentary succession are the middle and upper Tsagayan subformations (the latter incorporating the Kivda Beds), Raichikha, Mukhino, Buzuli, and Sazanka formations.     

Early Evolution of Apocrita(Insecta,Hymenoptera)as Indicated by New Findings in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou,Northeast China

<正>The classification and phytogeny of the basal Vespina(=Orussoidea+Apocrita)are reconsidered based primarily on rich and well preserved material from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou in Inner Mongolia,China. Comparatively smooth morphological transitions are traced from a Xiphydriidae-like ancestor toward Orussoidea via the Jurassic family Karatavitidae,and through Karatavitidae and the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous family Ephialtitidae independently to Stephanidae,to Evanioidea,and,via the extinct Jurassic Kuafuidae fam.nov.to the remaining Apocrita.New hypothesis is proposed concerning development of the characteristic wasp-waist of Apocrita,which is supposed to appear independently and in different ways in Evanioidea and in the rest of Apocrita.As a result,six infraorders are proposed for the suborder Vespina with the following taxonomic structure:infraorder Orussomorpha including the only superfamily Orussoidea(Karatavitidae+Paroryssidae + Orussidae),infraorder Stephanomorpha with the only superfamily Stephanoidea(Ephialtitidae+Stephanidae), infraorder Evaniomorpha with the only superfamily Evanioidea of traditional composition,infraorder Ceraphronomorpha with the superfamilies Ceraphronoidea s.str.and monotypical Megalyroidea and Trigonaloidea,and the infraorders Proctotrupomorpha,Ichneumonomorpha,and Vespomorpha of traditional composition.The family Kuafuidae is unplaced to infraorder because it is putatively paraphyletic with respect to Ceraphronomorpha,Proctotrupomorpha,Ichneumonomorpha and Vespomorpha.Described as new are Karatavites junfengi sp.nov,Praeratavites wuhuaensis sp.nov.,P.perspicuus sp.nov.,Postxiphydria daohugouensis gen.et sp.nov.,P.ningchengensis gen.et sp.nov.,Postxiphydroides strenuus gen.et sp.nov.,Praeratavitoides amabilis gen.et sp.nov.,Proapocrtius densipediculus sp.nov.,P.sculptus sp.nov.,P.longantennatus sp.nov., P.formosus sp.nov.,P.atropus sp.nov.,P.elegans sp.nov.,Stephanogaster pristinus sp.nov.,Asiephialtites lini sp. nov.,Praeproapocritus vulgatus gen.et sp.nov.,Sinaulacogastrinus solidus gen.et sp.nov.,Sinevania speciosa gen. et sp.nov.,Eonevania robusta gen.et sp.nov.,Kuafua polyneura gen.et sp.nov.(all from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou),as well as Kuafuidae fam.nov.including Kuafua gen.nov.as well as Arthrogaster Rasnitsyn,1975,and Leptogastrella Rasnitsyn,1975 from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan.     

湖北武汉地区志留系下红层的古鱼类化石及其生物古地理意义*

依据在湖北武汉古姆山志留系浅海红层中新发现的古鱼类化石,确证了兰多维列统特列奇阶下部红层——志留系下红层在鄂东南地区广泛存在,并在前人工作基础上对武汉地区原坟头组进行了重新厘定,将其一分为二,上部仍为坟头组,下部则称清水组。新厘定后的坟头组以黄绿色、灰绿色、灰黄色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩为主,富含腕足类、双壳类、腹足类、三叶虫和遗迹化石; 清水组下部以紫红色、红褐色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩为主,夹少量石英砂岩,上部以紫红色、黄绿色石英砂岩为主,夹泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩。在清水组上部新发现的鱼类化石包括盔甲鱼类锅顶山汉阳鱼(Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis)、意外洪山鱼(Hongshanaspis inexpectatus)、后棘江夏鱼(Jiangxialepis retrospina)及软骨鱼类中华棘鱼(Sinacanthus)、新中华棘鱼(Neosinacanthus)。这些新发现的古鱼均为张家界脊椎动物群温塘鱼类化石组合中的成员,其中,后棘江夏鱼可以跟产自江西武宁地区下红层清水组中的九江江夏鱼(J. jiujiangensis)直接对比,二者同属于真盔甲鱼目曙鱼科江夏鱼属,而曙鱼科成员则可以作为志留系下红层的标志性分子。根据鱼群面貌和地层层序,武汉地区的志留系下红层可以与皖、苏地区的侯家塘组、浙西北地区的唐家坞组、赣西北地区的清水组、湘西北地区的溶溪组以及新疆塔里木地区的塔塔埃尔塔格组进行很好的对比,其时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇期早期。华南板块志留系下红层的分布特征表明, 在特列奇期早期,上、下扬子海之间存在一狭长的浅海区域,这为盔甲鱼类在湖北武汉和江西武宁两地之间的扩散与交流提供了便利条件和可能。     

Two rare taxa from the type area of the Devonian,south-west England

The rarity of certain taxa in the type Devonian, south-west England, may be real, but it is probably, in part, an artefact of preservation. In part this is a product of Variscan deformation, but disarticulation of multi-element skeletons into minute plates must also be a contributory factor. Echinoids are rare from these deposits and were hitherto limited to the Upper Devonian. A single radiole (=spine) from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) Lummaton Shell Beds, Torquay Limestone Formation, is referred to echinoid sp. indet. Although stromatoporoids are common in these same beds, true sponges were hitherto unknown. In the same rock specimen, a moderately well preserved siliceous spicule is referred to octactinellid sp. indet.     

Age and origin of laterite and silcrete duricrusts and their relationship to episodic tectonism in the mid‐north of South Australia∗

Differential earth movements occurred during Eocene, Miocene, and late Caino‐zoic times. The faulting formed basins of sedimentation, led to dissection of land‐surfaces in some localities and burial in others, and faulted the Cainozoic sediments.

Laterite and silcrete cap remnants of relict landsurfaces of two different ages. Laterite formed before the Eocene; it was faulted and dissected during the Eocene in the north but continued to develop until the Miocene in the south. Silcrete formed from Eocene to Miocene times; its dissection was promoted by late Cainozoic tectonism.

Since laterite and silcrete formed on the same strata in warm, very moist environments, lithology and climate are not important genetic factors causing laterite to form at one time and silcrete at another. Only base levels of erosion differed. The silcrete surface was largely developed by streams flowing into mid‐Cainozoic lacustrine basins, whereas there is no evidence that these drainage conditions prevailed for laterite formation.     

个旧东区变基性火山岩型铜矿成因分析

有证据表明,个旧矿区矿产除与花岗岩密切相关外,基性火山或喷流沉积作用也较明显,变基性火山岩型铜矿的发现及研究增添不少理由。该型Cu矿层状、似层状,赋存于个旧组下段卡房段,矿层多,具同生沉积构造,从而对个旧矿区成矿理论增添新看法。     

阿尔卑斯-喀尔巴阡上白垩统大洋红层特征与对比

在前人研究的基础上,从时代、岩性、古生物、沉积速率、沉积环境等方面对阿尔卑斯—喀尔巴阡地区的上白垩统大洋红层进行了详细对比,发现研究区内上白垩统大洋红层最早出露于Cenomanian期,最晚可延续至古近纪,且在Campanian期出露最为广泛,其岩性以灰岩、泥灰岩和含泥灰岩为主,生物化石以浮游有孔虫为主,沉积速率较低且在各地不尽相似,在CCD面上、下均可以出现,沉积环境一般是大陆边缘盆地、斜坡和大洋盆地等远洋、半远洋环境。通过比较分析,为进一步深入研究上白垩统大洋红层提供较为全面的基础资料。     

A New Species of Liadotaulius (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou,Inner Mongolia

Diverse caddis flies are recently collected from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou fauna in Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, northern China, and different types of caddis cases have been reported in the same locality. A new species of caddisfly, Liadotaulius daohugouensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated; the establishment is based on a well-preserved isolated forewing collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou. The family status of Liadotaulius is discussed on the basis of new material and is referred to the family Philopotamidae. The Daohugou fauna continues to provide new data for studying the early evolution of Trichoptera.