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1.
Chang-Guk Sun Sung-Ho Chun Tae-Gyun Ha Choong-Ki Chung Dong-Soo Kim 《Computers and Geotechnics》2008,35(3):436-449
An integrated GIS-based tool (GTIS) was constructed to estimate site effects related to the earthquake hazards in the Gyeongju area of Korea. To build the GTIS for the study area, intensive site investigations and geotechnical data collections were performed and a walk-over site survey was additionally carried out to acquire surface geo-knowledge data in accordance with the procedure developed to build the GTIS. For practical applications of the GTIS used to estimate the site effects associated with the amplification of ground motion, seismic microzoning maps of the characteristic site period and the mean shear wave velocity to a depth of 30 m were created and presented as a regional synthetic strategy addressing earthquake-induced hazards. Additionally, based on one-dimensional site response analyses, various seismic microzoning maps for short- and mid-period amplification potentials were created for the study area. Case studies of seismic microzonations in the Gyeongju area verified the usefulness of the GTIS for predicting seismic hazards in the region. 相似文献
2.
Curtis M. Oldenburg 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(8):1687-1694
A screening and ranking framework (SRF) has been developed to evaluate potential geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage sites on the basis of health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risk arising from CO2 leakage. The approach is based on the assumption that CO2 leakage risk is dependent on three basic characteristics of a geologic CO2 storage site: (1) the potential for primary containment by the target formation; (2) the potential for secondary containment
if the primary formation leaks; and (3) the potential for attenuation and dispersion of leaking CO2 if the primary formation leaks and secondary containment fails. The framework is implemented in a spreadsheet in which users
enter numerical scores representing expert opinions or published information along with estimates of uncertainty. Applications
to three sites in California demonstrate the approach. Refinements and extensions are possible through the use of more detailed
data or model results in place of property proxies. 相似文献
3.
Nonlinear Analysis of Local Site Effects on Seismic Ground Response in the Bam Earthquake 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. H. T. Rayhani M. H. El Naggar S. H. Tabatabaei 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(1):91-100
The influence of local geologic and soil conditions on the intensity of ground shaking is addressed in this study. The amplification
of the ground motion due to local site effects resulted in severe damage to dwellings in the Bam area during the 2003 Bam
Earthquake. A unique set of strong motion acceleration recordings was obtained at the Bam accelerograph station. Although
the highest peak ground acceleration recorded was the vertical component (nearly 1 g), the longitudinal component (fault-parallel
motion) clearly had the largest maximum velocity as well as maximum ground displacement. Subsurface geotechnical and geophysical
(down-hole) data in two different sites have been obtained and used to estimate the local site condition on earthquake ground
motion in the area. The ground response analyses have been conducted considering the nonlinear behavior of the soil deposits
using both equivalent linear and nonlinear approaches. The fully nonlinear method embodied in FLAC was used to evaluate the
nonlinear soil properties on earthquake wave propagation through the soil layer, and compare with the response from the equivalent
linear approach. It is shown that thick alluvium deposits amplified the ground motion and resulted in significant damage in
residential buildings in the earthquake stricken region. The comparison of results indicated similar response spectra of the
motions for both equivalent and nonlinear analyses, showing peaks in the period range of 0.3–1.5 s. However, the amplification
levels of nonlinear analysis were less than the equivalent linear method especially in long periods. The observed response
spectra are shown to be above the NEHRP building code design requirements, especially at high frequencies. 相似文献
4.
对南海南部ODP1143站氧同位素11-5e期大约2ka分辨率的粉红色Globigerinoides ruber进行分析,发现其冰期/间冰期旋回与代表全球冰量的底栖有孔虫氧同位素(δ^18O)的变化相反,即在间冰期时含量低,而冰期时高,与其他海区的记录相反。海水表层温度和温跃层深度转换函数结果以及碎壳率的变化显示,在一定的温度背景下,温跃层深度的变化可能是控制粉红色G.ruber冰期旋回的主要因素,而这段时期南海南部溶解作用的影响则不明显。 相似文献
5.
6.
Deep sea drilling in the Central Gulf of California, a young and active spreading centre, shows that the high heat flow typical of these regions causes extensive alteration of sediment organic matter, especially near sills and above magma chambers where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Even on the nearby passive margin, where there are no sills, heat flow is moderately high and hydrocarbon generation has begun in immature sequences. Migrating light hydrocarbons are detected especially where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Thermogenic methane is more widespread, though not in the passive margin bordering the spreading centre. Despite the incidence of hydrocarbon generation and migration, the amounts of hydrocarbons involved are relatively small and apparently do not lead to commercially significant accumulations of petroleum.The organic matter in these sediments is mostly marine because the Gulf of California generally has low runoff from land and highly productive surface waters. Turbidites rich in terrigenous organic material are locally abundant in the mainly pelagic section in the Guaymas Basin. The highest concentrations of organic matter are found in laminated diatomites deposited on the Guaymas passive margin within the oxygen minimum zone. 相似文献
7.
Eight DSDP/ODP cores were analyzed for major ion concentrations and δ37Cl values of water-soluble chloride (δ37ClWSC) and structurally bound chloride (δ37ClSBC) in serpentinized ultramafic rocks. This diverse set of cores spans a wide range in age, temperature of serpentinization, tectonic setting, and geographic location of drilled serpentinized oceanic crust. Three of the cores were sampled at closely spaced intervals to investigate downhole variation in Cl concentration and chlorine isotope composition.The average total Cl content of all 86 samples is 0.26 ± 0.16 wt.% (0.19 ± 0.10 wt.% as water-soluble Cl (XWSC) and 0.09 ± 0.09 wt.% as structurally bound Cl (XSBC)). Structurally bound Cl concentration nearly doubles with depth in all cores; there is no consistent trend in water-soluble Cl content among the cores. Chlorine isotope fractionation between the structurally bound Cl− site and the water-soluble Cl− site varies from − 1.08‰ to + 1.16‰, averaging to + 0.21‰. Samples with negative fractionations may be related to reequilibration of the water-soluble chloride with seawater post-serpentinite formation. Six of the cores have positive bulk δ37Cl values (+ 0.05‰ to + 0.36‰); the other two cores (173-1068A (Leg-Hole) and 84-570) have negative bulk δ37Cl values (− 1.26‰ and − 0.54‰). The cores with negative δ37Cl values also have variable Cl− / SO42 ratios, in contrast to all other cores. The isotopically positive cores (153-920D and 147-895E) show no isotopic variation with depth; the isotopically negative core (173-1068A) decreases by ∼1‰ with depth for both the water-soluble and structurally bound Cl fractions.Non-zero bulk δ37Cl values indicate Cl in serpentinites was incorporated during original hydration and is not an artifact of seawater infiltration during drilling. Cores with positive δ37Cl values are most likely explained by open system fractionation during hydrothermal alteration, with preferential incorporation of 37Cl from seawater into the serpentinite and loss of residual light Cl back to the ocean. Fluid / rock ratios were probably low as evidenced by the presence of water-soluble salts. The two isotopically negative cores are characterized by a thick overlying sedimentary package that was in place prior to serpentinization. We believe the low δ37Cl values of these cores are a result of hydration of ultramafic rock by infiltrating aqueous pore fluids from the overlying sediments. The resulting serpentinites inherit the characteristic negative δ37Cl values of the pore waters. Chlorine stable isotopes can be used to identify the source of the serpentinizing fluid and ultimately discern chemical and tectonic processes involved in serpentinization. 相似文献
8.
ODP 1144站钻孔沉积物中微玻璃陨石的元素地球化学特征 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
利用电子探针和激光探针等离子体质谱方法分析了取自南海北部的ODP1144钻孔沉积物中的微玻璃陨石和取自邻近的广东省湛江和吴川玻璃陨石的主元素和微量元素组成。结果显示,这些微玻璃陨石属于亚洲-澳大利亚散落区的普通微玻璃陨石。从成分上看,这些微玻璃陨石存在两种不同的类型,其中的绝大部分Al2O3含量在19.0%以上,属于高Al类型,相应的难熔微量元素含量也比较高;个别微玻璃陨石Al2O3含量(13.0%)和难熔微量元素含量较低,微量元素含量和特征比值都与邻近的广东省湛江和吴川的玻璃陨石相近。元素地球化学特征意味着,这些微玻璃陨石来源于同一靶源区,但靶区的物质组成并不均一。 相似文献
9.
Horizontal and vertical components of earthquake ground motions at liquefiable sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Field observations on ground motions from recent earthquakes imply that current knowledge is limited with regard to relating vertical and horizontal motions at liquefiable sites. This paper describes a study with the purpose of clarifying this emerging issue to some extent. A series of numerical analyses is carried out on a liquefiable soil deposit with a verified, fully coupled, nonlinear procedure. It is shown that the transformation of vertical motions in the deposit differs considerably from the transformation of horizontal motions. Both the amplitude and frequency content of the horizontal motions are strongly dependent on the shaking level or the associated nonlinear soil behavior. The transfer function for vertical motions is however likely to be independent of the intensity of input motions; no reduction in the amplitude occurs even in the case of strong shaking. The results are shown to be in consistence with the laboratory observations on shaking table tests and recent field observations that less nonlinearity exists for vertical motions. It is also shown that the possibility exists for using information on spectral ratios between the horizontal and vertical surface motions to quickly identify in situ soil behavior and liquefaction that are not readily covered by conventional field or laboratory experimentation procedures. 相似文献
10.
Under seismic excitation, liquefied clean medium to dense cohesionless soils may regain a high level of shear resistance at large shear strain excursions. This pattern of response, known as a form of cyclic mobility, has been documented by a large body of laboratory sample tests and centrifuge experiments. A plasticity-based constitutive model is developed with emphasis on simulating the cyclic mobility response mechanism and associated pattern of shear strain accumulation. This constitutive model is incorporated into a two-phase (solid–fluid), fully coupled finite element code. Calibration of the constitutive model is described, based on a unique set of laboratory triaxial tests (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic centrifuge experiments. In this experimental series, Nevada sand at a relative density of about 40% is employed. The calibration effort focused on reproducing the salient characteristics of dynamic site response as dictated by the cyclic mobility mechanism. Finally, using the calibrated model, a numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the effect of excitation frequency content on post-liquefaction ground deformations. 相似文献