数字水深模型多尺度表达方法研究

针对现有数字水深模型(DDM)多尺度表达过程中由于单一固守"安全性"准则所导致的DDM表达精度不高和DDM产品形式单一及使用范围受限的问题,该文在简要介绍二维滚动圆变换及其在等深线化简中的应用的基础上,通过对二维滚动圆变换的维数扩展,提出了滚动球变换的概念。经过大量的计算推导,得到了正(负)向滚动球变换的不同组合方式,实现了既可以顾及"安全性"准则,又能够满足"保真性"需求的DDM多尺度表达方法。该方法可以提高测深数据的利用率和数据表达精度,适应多领域不同层次的DDM应用需求。     

一种提高地震勘探解释精度、分辨率的新方法-DDM方法

DDM(Depth—Density Method)方法是将地震时间剖面直接反演成深度、密度剖面的一种地震资料处理方法，在几千米的勘探深度范围内，该方法可以使地震勘探的精度由相对精度用绝对精度来表示；使分辨率由十几米提高到2～3米；从深度、密度剖面中，地质人员可以解释出地层的岩性，时代、砂体的厚度、沉积旋回、沉积粒序，几米、十几米的断层和褶皱，本文主要简介该方法的工作原理、地质解释的原则和在生产中的应用实例。     

高精度瞬时水深模型的一种构建方法

高精度的水深表达是舰船安全、经济航行的先导和基础。本文提出了一种构建高精度瞬时水深模型的方法,利用高密度的多波束水深数据作为静态水深,基于余水位订正的预报水位作为动态水位,通过高效集成静态水深和动态水位从而构建瞬时水深模型。实验证明:本文所提的构建瞬时水深模型的方法较传统的方法,准确率有了很大的提高;瞬时水深模型的精度与格网尺度有关;余水位是影响瞬时水深模型精度的一个重要因素。     

Assessment of Dynamic Downscaling of the Extreme Rainfall over East Asia Using a Regional Climate Model

This study investigates the capability of the dynamic downscaling method (DDM) in an East Asian climate study for June 1998 using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (MM5).Sensitivity experiments show that MM5 results at upper atmospheric levels cannot match reanalyses data,but the results show consistent improvement in simulating moisture transport at low levels.The downscaling ability for precipitation is regionally dependent.During the monsoon season over the Yangtze River basin and the pre-monsoon season over North China,the DDM cannot match observed precipitation.Over Northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau (TP),where there is high topography,the DDM shows better performance than reanalyses.Simulated monsoon evolution processes over East Asia,however,are much closer to observational data than reanalyses.The convection scheme has a substantial impact on extreme rainfall over the Yangtze River basin and the pre-monsoon over North China,but only a marginal contribution for Northwest China and the TP.Land surface parameterizations affect the locations and pattern of rainfall bands.The 10-day re-initialization in this study shows some improvement in simulated precipitation over some sub-regions but with no obvious improvement in circulation.The setting of the location of lateral boundaries (LLB) westward improves performance of the DDM.Including the entire TP in the western model domain improves the DDM performance in simulating precipitation in most sub-regions.In addition,a seasonal simulation demonstrates that the DDM can also obtain consistent results,as in the June case,even when another two months consist of no strong climate/weather events.     

滚动球变换的数字水深模型多尺度表达

 空间数据的多尺度表达,是GIS领域研究的重点和难点问题之一。本文以数字水深模型(Digital Depth Model, DDM)为研究对象,从DDM的地理和尺度特性出发,在分析二维滚动圆变换算法原理的基础上,通过对二维滚动圆变换算法的维数扩展,提出一种可用于DDM多尺度表达的滚动球变换算法。即利用不同大小的三维空间球体代替二维滚动圆沿给定DDM的上侧表面滚动,得到可保留正向地貌,缩小或填平小于一定尺度下的海底负向地貌的DDM,从保障舰船海上航行安全的角度,实现对DDM的多尺度表达。另阐述了该算法的基本原理和实现步骤,并在VC++环境下对算法的正确性和有效性进行了验证。实验结果表明,该算法在符合DDM多尺度表达原则的前提下,能较好地保持DDM的基本地形特征,且具有较高的计算效率。     

影像的数字畸变模型

阐述了建立各类成像系统通用数字畸变模型并提供对应内方位元素的原理与方法，并以鱼眼数字相机所摄影像的全处理过程为例，证实了本文方法的正确性。     

基于区域分解法的水文地质参数寻优研究

在建立地下水流模型的过程中，水文地质参数寻优一直是较为复杂的步骤之一，具体难点包括寻优方法的取用，为保持总体平衡所引起的参数峰值异常以及总体寻优需要大量的计算机时等问题。本文运用区域分解法（Domain Decomposition method，DDM）的基本思想，将整个区域的参数寻优问题分解为各参数分区内的子域问题求解，通过寻找整个区域上的Nash均衡最终获得各子域上的最优参数。实验算例及其结果证明应用该方法实现水文地质参数自动寻优，不但具有高度的可靠性，同时优化问题的规模减小。此举不但减少了求解过程所需要的CPU时间，而且提高了参数拟合度。     

Parallel Algorithms for Computational Models of Geophysical Systems

Mathematical models of many geophysical systems are based on the computational processing of large-scale algebraic systems. The most advanced computational tools are based on massively parallel processors. The most effective software for solving partial differential equations in parallel intends to achieve the DDM-paradigm. A set of four algorithms, the DVS-algorithms, which achieve it, and of very general applicability, has recently been developed and here they are explained. Also, their application to problems that frequently occur in Geophysics is illustrated.     

Analysis of refracturing in horizontal wells: Insights from the poroelastic displacement discontinuity method

In this paper, a fully coupled 2‐dimensional poroelastic displacement discontinuity method is used to investigate the refracturing process in horizontal wells. One of the objectives of refracturing is to access new reserves by adding new hydraulic fractures in zones that were bypassed in the initial fracturing attempt. Pore pressure depletion in the vicinity of old fractures directly affects the state of stress and eventually the propagation of newly created hydraulic fractures. Thus, a poroelastic analysis is required to identify guidelines for the refracturing process, in particular to understand the extension of the pore pressure depletion, and eventually, the orientation of new as well as old fractures. We propose a fully coupled approach to model the whole process of child fracture propagation in a depleted area between 2 parent fractures in the same wellbore. This approach omits the need of using multistep workflow that is regularly used to model the process. The maximum tensile stress criterion (σ criterion) is used for hydraulic fracture propagation. The proposed method is verified using available analytical solutions for total stress and pore pressure loading modes on a line fracture in drained and undrained conditions. Then, test cases of multifractured horizontal wells are studied to calculate the time evolution of the stress and pore pressure fields around old fractures and to understand the effect of these fields on the propagation path of newly created fractures. Finally, the effect of the pore pressure depletion on the propagation path of the newly created fractures in the bypassed area of the same wellbore is studied. The results show that the depleted areas around old fractures are highly affected by the extent and severity of the stress redistribution and pore pressure depletion. It is observed that a successful creation of new fractures may only happen in certain time frames. The results of this study provide new insights on the behavior of newly created fractures in depleted zones. They also clarify the relationship between stress change and pore pressure depletion in horizontal wells.     

面向陆表的星载GNSS-R DDM波形分类

GNSS-R信号在面向复杂场景的陆表遥感应用中存在信噪比（SNR）低和有效信息难以辨别提取的问题,严重制约了其在陆表遥感领域的应用拓展。为从海量低信噪比的星载GNSS-R陆表数据中快速区分杂波信号和有效信息,本文通过统计归纳分析,基于星载时延多普勒图（DDM）相关峰的显著程度评定,提出了一种DDM波形分类方法。随后,利用该方法对UK TechDemoSat-1（TDS-1）星载陆表观测数据进行了波形分类。最后,比较了分类后波形对应的SNR情况,同时结合典型地物类型对分类结果进行了相关性分析,证实了波形分类方法的可行性与有效性。