The SOMS model and its application to Lake Neuchâtel

A three-dimensional numerical circulation model (SOMS) based on primitive equations is described. The algorithm, by which Coriolis and vertical diffusion terms are treated implicitly while mass is still conserved exactly (algebraically), is discussed in detail. The model is applied to Lake Neuchâtel (Switzerland), to determine the general circulation under influence of the most prevailing wind.     

A Hybrid Spectral/Finite-Volume Algorithm for Large-Eddy Simulation of Scalars in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Pseudospectral methods are frequently used in the horizontal directions in large-eddy simulation of atmospheric flows. However, the same approach often creates unphysical oscillations for scalar fields if there are horizontal heterogeneities in the sources and/or sinks, as is usual in air pollution problems. A hybrid approach is developed to combine the use of pseudospectral representation of the velocity field and bounded finite-volumes for the scalar concentration. An interpolation scheme that yields a divergence-free interpolated velocity field is derived and implemented, and its importance is illustrated by two sample applications.     

近几年中尺度动力学研究进展

近几年,中尺度气象由于在逐日天气预报中的重要作用和在气象灾害预报中的显著贡献,已经成为一个热门的研究课题.中尺度气象研究并预测中尺度天气系统的发生发展及其引发的灾害性天气,如暴雨、冰雹、龙卷风等.本文主要总结了2007年以来我国在中尺度研究中取得的显著性成果.主要包括:波动、涡旋、锋面、稳定性、Q矢量和不变量.在波动方面包括重力波的形成和传播的研究,包含旋转Rossby波、混合低频旋转Rossby波和高频惯性重力波在内的台风波动以及考虑水汽作用的中尺度波作用守恒.涡旋部分主要介绍了青藏高原低涡(TPV)和热带气旋内部的涡旋问题.除了涡旋之外,锋面在中国也是一个关键系统.在锋面方面的进展有:梅雨锋中的β中尺度双雨带机制的产生和维持的实验性研究,以及基于广义位温的锋生函数的提出,这些成果使得对锋生过程的描述更接近于实际大气状况.在不稳定问题上,主要介绍了采用Energy-Casimir方法建立的拟能量波作用方程和基本气流具有线性和非线性切变时的横波扰动的不稳定.关于Q矢量,介绍了从地转Q矢量,半地转Q矢量到非地转Q矢量,非地转湿Q矢量的发展,以及由湿地转Q矢量和垂直风切变耦合得到的新型散度方程.最后,讨论了有关质点的两个不变量位温和位涡的相关研究新进展.     

海洋细菌胞外蛋白酶PPC结构域序列特性与系统进化分析

PPC(Pre-Peptidase C-terminal)结构域广泛分布于分泌型海洋细菌蛋白酶的C末端,对蛋白酶的分泌,锚定及与底物相互吸附起到重要作用。对PPC结构域序列分析发现,PPC结构域存在两个较为保守序列区,且这两个保守区空间结构为β-折叠。尽管有的PPC结构域序列一致性较低,但不同结构域间存在相同的保守序列,且其三维结构相似。为了进一步对不同来源的PPC结构域的进化关系进行系统研究,本研究选取公开发表的PPC结构域,通过在NCBI数据库中搜索得到61条来自于39个细菌所分泌的不同蛋白酶的PPC的氨基酸序列进行系统发育分析。发现PPC结构域在生物进化过程中序列变异性大,保守性弱。其中,有些细菌PPC结构域可能来源于自身基因重复产生,有些细菌PPC结构域则可能由水平基因转移产生。     

日像仪的电磁干扰分析

讨论了日像仪的干扰容限，列出了干扰源分布，估算出干扰测试仪灵敏度。计算了同步卫星干扰及干扰时间预测，也分析了中低轨道卫星干扰问题。对移动通信基站产生的干扰作了传播分析、计算，对脉冲雷达干扰作了谱分析及保守计算。     

广东基督教文化与岭南文化之整合研究

文化整合是文化冲突与融合交错的过程.鸦片战争之后,基督教在广东获得了较大的发展.但作为一种外来宗教文化,它与岭南文化的冲突在所难免,教案正是这种冲突的直接表现.由于广东不同民族、不同民系地域文化的差异,这些地区教案的规模和激烈程度不一.在文化冲突过程中,教会也进行了一系列本土化实践工作,同时广东各民系地区文化也深深烙上了基督教的印记.1920年之后,基督教与岭南文化的整合基本得以完成.     

从《苔丝》看哈代的创作思想

通过小说《苔丝》文本分析了哈代创作思想的复杂性:他当过狂热的宗教信徒,但对基督教的信仰、怀疑和反叛是交织在一起的;他接受达尔文主义的进化论思想,但又受到叔本华悲观哲学的影响,对人生见解悲观宿命;他怀念农村宗法制田园生活,但又肯定和赞美自由资产阶级文明进步的一面。     

CONTEMPORARY CHRISTIAN ESCHATOLOGIES AND THEIR RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP

Contemporary Protestant Christians hold differing views of the future that affect their attitudes toward the environment. Dispensationalism tends to use ecological deterioration as a gauge to predict Christ's return and the end of the present age. Postmillennialism teaches that the natural and human world will improve up to Christ's return and puts responsibility on Christians for that improvement. Amillennialism and Historic Premillennialism teach that the possibility of ecological and social improvement is limited in the present age though Christians are to attempt to heal the earth's wounds to show evidence of a future renewed earth.     

On the relationship between the eddy covariance,the turbulent flux,and surface exchange for a trace gas such as CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

In the context of CO₂ surface exchange estimation, an analysis combining the basic principles of diffusion and scalar conservation shows that the mixing ratio is the appropriate variable both for defining the (eddy covariance) turbulent flux and also for expressing the relationship between the turbulent flux and surface exchange in boundary-layer budget equations. Other scalar intensity variables sometimes chosen, both the CO₂ density and molar fraction, are susceptible to the influence of surface exchange of heat and water vapour. The application of a hypsometric analysis to the boundary-layer “control volume” below the tower measurement height reveals flaws in previously applied approaches: (a) incompressibility cannot be assumed to simplify mass conservation (the budget in terms of CO₂ density); (b) compressibility alone makes the analysis of mass conservation vulnerable to uncertainties associated with resultant non-zero vertical velocities too small to measure or model over real terrain; and (c) the WPL (Webb et al. (1980) Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 106:85–100) “zero dry air flux” assumption is invalidated except at the surface boundary. Nevertheless, the definition and removal of the WPL terms do not hinge upon this last assumption, and so the turbulent CO₂ flux can be accurately determined by eddy covariance using gas analysers of either open- or closed-path design. An appendix discusses the necessary assumptions and appropriate interpretations for deriving the WPL terms.     

本土化与全球化在村落演化中的响应——深圳老福音村的死与生

福音村是指基督教传入后在中国乡村地区出现的一种过半村民为基督徒的特殊聚落。深圳的老福音村具有百年基督教会发展史,它们和珠江三角洲其他农村一样,在改革开放后被推进了全球化的浪潮,经历了快速的工业化、城镇化和现代化,生产方式、聚落景观和村民的生活观念等都发生了很大变化。伴随着这些变化,在老福音村中,基督教对本地村民的影响已日渐式微,但在不断进入村内的外来人员中却出现"枯木逢春"的繁荣景象。在本土化与全球化的相互作用中,福音村落发生了诸多变化。研究以深圳市三祝里福音村为个案,通过分析20世纪初以来该村落基督教的动态发展过程,关注全球化在福音村基督教的兴衰浮沉中所扮演的角色,尝试从文化地理学角度剖析全球化背景下福音村如何"老死",又如何获得"重生"的进程,以寻求本土化与全球化在村落演化中的响应。研究的开展是对国内相对薄弱之宗教地理和乡村地理之研究的有益补充和拓展。同时,也对当前形势下我国乡村生活方式的调适和和谐社会组织形式的构建,以及对全球化背景下中国居民开展自由、健康的宗教信仰活动产生积极意义。