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David P. Bacon Nash’at N. Ahmad Thomas J. Dunn Michael C. Monteith Ananthakrishna Sarma 《Natural Hazards》2008,44(3):317-327
By definition, a crisis is a situation that requires assistance to be managed. Hence, response to a crisis involves the merging
of local and non-local emergency response personnel. In this situation, it is critical that each participant: (1) know the
roles and responsibilities of each of the other participants; (2) know the capabilities of each of the participants; and (3)
have a common basis for action. For many types of natural disasters, this entails having a common operational picture of the unfolding events, including detailed information on the weather, both current and forecasted, that may impact on either
the emergency itself or on response activities. The Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS) is a comprehensive package of
hazard prediction models and casualty and damage assessment tools that provides a linkage between a modeled or observed effect
and the attendant consequences for populations, infrastructure, and resources, and, hence, provides the common operational
picture for emergency response. The Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA) is an atmospheric
simulation system that links the latest methods in computational fluid dynamics and high-resolution gridding technologies
with numerical weather prediction to provide specific weather analysis and forecast capability that can be merged into the
geographic information system framework of CATS. This paper documents the problem of emergency response as an end-to-end system
and presents the integrated CATS–OMEGA system as a prototype of such a system that has been used successfully in a number
of different situations. 相似文献
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Multiple-occurrence regional landslide events in New Zealand: Hazard management issues 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
M. J. Crozier 《Landslides》2005,2(4):247-256
Landsliding in New Zealand most commonly occurs in the form of multiple-occurrence landslide events, simultaneously involving
thousands to ten thousands of landslides over areas extending up to 20,000 km2. The scale of these events, together with their multiple-hazard character, provide a unique set of management issues that
stretch the capabilities of available emergency management services. Several measures for characterising the magnitude and
impact potential of these events are presented and compared. While the median density of landsliding is approximately 30 landslides/km2, over 100 landslides/km2 have been recorded in some events. Specific soil displacement volumes vary widely between events—New Zealand events yield
a median value of approximately 140 m3/ha. Measured Ratios of runout length to scar length are commonly about 3:1. However, comparison between events is constrained
by lack of standardisation in methods of measurement and recording. Agricultural production loss, damage to road and rail
infrastructure and increased flooding are the main consequences of these events. Treatment options involve loss sharing, resource
management legislation, and various forms of bio-engineering. 相似文献
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Methods for the estimation of loss of life due to floods: a literature review and a proposal for a new method 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
This article deals with methods for the estimation of loss of life due to flooding. These methods can be used to assess the
flood risks and to identify mitigation strategies. The first part of this article contains a comprehensive review of existing
literature. Methods have been developed for different types of floods in different regions. In general these methods relate
the loss of life in the flooded area to the flood characteristics and the possibilities for evacuation and shelter. An evaluation
showed that many of the existing methods do not take into account all of the most relevant determinants of loss of life and
that they are often to a limited extent based on empirical data of historical flood events. In the second part of the article,
a new method is proposed for the estimation of loss of life caused by the flooding of low-lying areas protected by flood defences.
An estimate of the loss of life due to a flood event can be given based on: (1) information regarding the flood characteristics,
(2) an analysis of the exposed population and evacuation, and (3) an estimate of the mortality amongst the exposed population.
By analysing empirical information from historical floods, new mortality functions have been developed. These relate the mortality
amongst the exposed population to the flood characteristics. Comparison of the outcomes of the proposed method with information
from historical flood events shows that it gives an accurate approximation of the number of observed fatalities during these
events. The method is applied to assess the consequences for a large-scale flooding of the area of South Holland, in the Netherlands.
It is estimated that the analysed coastal flood scenario can lead to approximately 3,200 fatalities in this area.
相似文献
A. C. W. M. VrouwenvelderEmail: |
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