Early warning research on salt-alkalization desertification in western Songnen Plain

Desertification is an environmental issue in the world. The salt-alkalization desertification land area formed by both primary and secondary salt-alkalization has extended in a large scale, which has become a significant eco-environmental problem. Based on the characteristics of eco-environment and the situation of desertification in western Songnen plain, this paper reports the analyzes of its formation in background and cause. An early warning system on the salt-alkalization desertification is established and the GIS technology is used to abstract the information of desertification evaluation index. Supported by the integrated technology of the GIS and ANN, the orientation and quantitative result of desertification are gained, which is helpful to the eco-environment protection and resource development in western Songnen Plain.     

Sonar acoustic facies and sediment distribution on an area of the deep ocean floor

Long-range sidescan sonar can be used to map sediment distributions over wide expanses of deep ocean floor. Seven acoustic facies that arise from differing sediment or rock types have been mapped over the low-relief Saharan continental rise and Madeira abyssal plain. These have been calibrated with sampling, profiling and camera studies and the facies can be traced confidently on a regional scale using the sidescan data. The mapping of the sediment distribution shows that a complex interplay of turbidity current and debris flow processes can occur at a continental rise/abysaal plain transition over 1000 km from the nearest continental slope.     

南海晚第四纪硅藻遗体及其地质意义Ⅵ.硅藻的2个新种和7个新记录

本文记述了南海晚第四纪沉积物中发现的两个新种[线形辐环藻（Actinocyclus lineatus Liu,Cheng et Lan sp.nov.）、星圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus aster-aeus Cheng,Liu et Lan sp.nov.）]以及在我国首次记录的圆筛藻的7个种。     

贵州鹅项水库沉积物特征及其土壤侵蚀的意义

对位于贵州西南部非喀斯特丘原区的鹅项水库中取得的一沉积物样芯（EX-1）做了¹³⁷Cs,TOC,C/N和粒度分析以及矿物磁性测量。通过对这些分析和测量结果进行解译,推测了在过去的45年（1960～2005年）中这一水库的汇水流域内土壤侵蚀强度的相对变化。在这45年中,鹅项水库流域的土壤侵蚀经历了由弱到强再持续减弱的一个过程。将这一推测结果与流域内降水数据和土地利用/覆被变化资料数据相结合,探究了该流域土壤侵蚀强度变化的原因。与贵州西南部典型喀斯特流域的情况相比,在鹅项流域内,土地利用/覆被变化情况对土壤侵蚀强度的影响相对次要,而降水对土壤侵蚀强度变化的影响则更为重要。这可能主要因为与典型喀斯特流域相比,鹅项流域的土层较厚、植被覆盖较好。     

应用电性特征研究银川平原地下水水质空间分布规律

以蕴涵丰富地下水系统水循环信息的电性特征为线索,采用电测深法,在分析研究银川平原450 m深度内地下水系统的空间结构的基础上,对平原地下水水质空间分布规律进行了综合研究,为银川平原地下水资源可持续利用战略的制订提供了依据。     

松辽平原区荒漠化形成与发展的地质基础

利用卫星数据,结合实地地质调查、光释光（Optically Stimulated Luminecence, OSL）测年及孢粉数据,从地层、新构造和沉积环境等角度阐述了松辽平原晚更新世晚期湖积环境的形成与变化,提出了松辽平原晚更新世晚期湖积环境或湖积物质是区内荒漠化形成与发展的地质基础。     

成都经济区天降水与下渗水元素地球化学特征及土壤元素输入输出通量

论文研究了成都经济区天降水和下渗水中元素含量、在农田耕层中的输入输出通量及其影响因素.研究表明,研究区雨水中含有大量SO2-4、NO-3等酸性物质,雨水中SO2-4 >NO-3>Cl-.雨水中Ca2 和NH 4含量最高,且NH 4>Ca2 >K >Na >Mg2 .雨水的pH与阴、阳离子摩尔浓度差值具有显著相关性.下渗水中以Ca2 为主要阳离子,且Ca2 >Na >Mg2 >K >NH 4;HCO-3为主要阴离子,且HCO-3>NO-3>SO2-4>Cl->F-,下渗水pH与阳、阴离子摩尔浓度差值具有显著相关性.不同地区雨水中Pb>As>Cd>Se>Hg,下渗水中Pb>As>Se>Cd>Hg,因此,Cd、Pb、Se和Hg等元素累积在耕层中,而As则被下渗水携带迁移出耕层进入地下水.由降雨输入土壤中的Cd通量均大于下渗水输出Cd的通量,局部地区As下渗通量高于雨水输入通量的5.45～13.16倍.土壤中元素的下渗比与土壤质地、pH有关.     

成都洛带上沙溪庙组气藏地层水分布特征研究

成都洛带沙溪庙组气藏普遍含水,气藏不同位置地层水含量对于天然气的产量及产出时间有很大的影响。地层水矿化度较高,属CaCl2型,具混合水的水化学特征。地层水与天然气共同赋存同一储层中,属于同一压力系统,与天然气伴生产出,无边、底水存在,缺乏有效补给。含水层往往分布于有利的沉积微相一分流河道及河口坝中,厚度大、物性好的砂体含水特征更为明显。通过对该气藏水水化学特征及气水关系的研究,初步明确了该地层水的分布特征。     

Geostatistical analysis of arsenic concentration in the groundwater of Malda district of West Bengal, India

The problem of arsenic (As) poisoning in the upper deltaic plain of the Ganga-Bhagirathi river system in the Bengal Basin of West Bengal, India is an alarming issue. Four blocks (Kaliachak-1, 2, 3 and English Bazar) of Malda district, West Bengal were critically studied. Geomorphologically, the area exhibits three terraces: the present Youngest terrace (T₀-terrace), the Older Shaugaon Surface (T₁-terrace) and the Oldest Baikunthapur Surface (T₂-terrace). On the basis of numerous measurements, including As-content, pH, DO, specific conductivity and salinity, it was observed that maximum As-content beyond the permissible limit (0.05 mg/L, Indian standard) occurs within a depth range of 10–30 m with a non-linear distribution pattern. Variance test also found that a block effect was highly significant in an As-distribution pattern. Mean arsenic level of Kaliachak block-1 is 0.2253 mg/L, followed by Kaliachak-2 with arsenic level 0.1923, Kaliachak-3 with arsenic level 0.1755 and English Bazar with arsenic level 0.1324. The arsenious belt lies mainly within the Older terrace (T₁). The very recent flood plain deposits of silvery white, fine sands lying very close to the Ganga River margin do not contain significant amounts of As. Elevated As-concentration in the ground water was observed in alluvial sands, grayish white to brownish in color and occurring away from the Ganga margin. The Oldest terrace (T2) further away from the Ganga margin (e.g. English Bazar) and Barind surface contains less arsenic. Barind surface acts as a hard capping with ferruginous sands and lateritic concretions-chocolate, mottled and purple brown in color-occurring northeast of the studied area. Arsenic content of ground water in the same locality within a radius of ∼ 20 m varies within wide limits. Thus, it poses problem to delineate its distribution pattern. Such a patchy occurrence possibly could not be explained satisfactorily solely by geomorphology. Chemical analysis of aquifer clay samples of the cores shows a maximum Ascontent of up to 3 mg/kg, whereas the bulk samples (sandclay mixture) of the cores contain a maximum of 17 mg/kg As-value. Therefore, it is not always true that clay contains elevated As-value.     

城乡一体化渐进式开发及发展模式研究--以成都市为例

城乡一体化成为当前研究的热点问题之一。成都市从2003年开始，在全市范围内开展城乡一体化试点，准确把握城乡一体化的发展模式，是顺利推进城乡一体化发展的重要一环。根据成都市城乡一体化发展的特点，采用回归方法预测了城市化发展水平，并借鉴国际城市和国内沿海城市的发展经验，提出成都市城乡一体化应采取的总体思路和发展模式，结合成都市城市化水平预测结果，提出其分阶段、分步骤实施的时间阶段。