海洋褐藻胶生产废水的絮凝-氧化处理研究

使用新型高效的絮凝剂Xp，对海洋褐藻胶生产废水进行絮凝，催化氧化处理试验，确定了絮凝剂Xp的最佳使用条件，催化氧化时间和氧化剂用量，结果表明，经本工艺处理后，废水中主要污染物CODcr的去除率达到83．9％，处理后的废水基本达到国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978－1996）限定的二级标准。     

酸溶——催化极谱法测定地质样品中的钨、钼

本文采用混合酸溶解样品,对影响催化体系稳定的酸度、温度和不同反应时间的因素分别进行了对比试验,确定催化体系相对稳定的最佳条件,经过大量样品的分析验证,分析方法可靠。     

稀土催化材料在工业废气、人居环境净化中的研究与应用综述

阐述了稀土催化材料在工业废气、人居环境净化方面的研究与应用现状,并对稀土催化材料的发展进行了展望,认为将稀土催化材料用于工业有机废气污染治理和人居环境净化,是推动稀土催化应用的动力之一。等离子体辅助的催化技术,可以显著改善低温活性。作为长期去除污染物的有效措施,光催化技术应大力开发。开发联合脱硫脱氮的新方法、新理论、新技术及新设备,将成为烟气净化技术发展的总趋势。作为一种新型催化材料应用,掺杂稀土的ABO3钙钛矿复合氧化物以及TiO2为基础的复合氧化物,在环境净化方面的发展方向是努力降低成本,提高光催化剂活性,尽量多利用太阳光,扩大降解范围。     

痕量铜的催化动力学光度分析进展

综述了1996－2000年测定痕量铜的催化动力学光度法，包括催化显色光度法、催化褪色光度法、阻抑动力学光度法、催化荧光光度法、催化化学发光光度法。     

示波极谱法测量电锌液中微量镍

提出在丁二酮肟-亚硝酸钠-氨水-氯化铵体系中,准确测定电锌液中微量镍的新方法:克服原子吸收光谱法测定微量镍回收率偏低问题。     

Role of Humification Processes in Recycling Organic Wastes of Various Nature and Sources as Soil Amendments

Recycling the large amounts of organic wastes produced by agriculture, forestry, urban and industrial activities as soil, organic amendments are the most popular and efficient option for avoiding their dispersion in the environment and restoring, maintaining, and/or improving the content of soil organic matter. Chemical stability and biological maturity are two important factors for the successful use of organic wastes in agriculture with limited risk for the surrounding environment. Stabilization and maturation of raw organic wastes inherently imply the achievement of an extensive humification, that is, a wide conversion of easily degradable organic matter to refractory organic compounds that resemble native soil humic substances (HS). Soil HS are the most important components of soil organic matter responsible of several soil functions and processes. As a consequence, the amount and quality of HS‐like fractions in any organic amendment are believed to be of primary importance for its agronomic efficacy, environmental safety and economic value. The first part of this review focuses on the chemical and physico‐chemical changes occurring in the humic substances (HS) ‐like fractions of organic wastes of various nature and sources subjected to common treatment processes aimed at producing environmentally‐safe soil amendments with beneficial agronomic properties. The second part discusses the composition, structure, and chemical reactivity of the HS‐like components in organic amendments of various origins and nature, and their effects on native soil HS. The review concludes by highlighting the need for innovative research targeted mainly to achieve a better fundamental understanding of the molecular structure and reactivity of soil HS and HS‐like fractions in organic amendments, the mechanisms of HS formation and transformations in the natural environment and during the treatment processes of raw organic wastes, the interactions with metals and organic xenobiotics, and the direct physiological effects that HS may exert on plants.     

Evaluation of the contamination of platinum in estuarine and coastal sediments (Tagus Estuary and Prodelta, Portugal)

Platinum contamination in estuarine and coastal sediments has been evaluated in three cores collected from the Tagus Estuary and Prodelta shelf sediments. Elevated concentrations, up to 25-fold enrichment compared to background values, were found in the upper layers of the estuarine sediments. The degree of Pt enrichment in the estuarine sediments varied depending on the proximity to vehicular traffic sources, with a maximum concentration of 9.5 ng g⁻¹. A considerable decrease of Pt concentrations with depth indicated the absence of significant contamination before the introduction of catalytic converters in automobiles. Platinum distribution in the Tagus Prodelta shelf sediment core showed no surface enrichment; instead a sub-surface maximum at the base of the mixed layer suggested the possibility of post-depositional mobility, thereby blurring the traffic-borne contamination signature in coastal sediments.     

氧化锌纳米材料的合成、结构表征、光学及催化性能

以Zn(Ac)2.2H2O和NaOH为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)为表面活性剂,采用水热法合成了不同形态的氧化锌。利用X-ray粉末衍射仪(Powder X-ray Diffractometer,XRD)、红外光谱仪(Infra-red Spectrometer,IR)、场发射扫描电镜表征所合成材料的结构和形貌。用紫外可见光度计、荧光光度计研究了氧化锌的光学性能。为了评估氧化锌的催化性能,进行了纳米氧化锌对乙酸和正丁醇合成乙酸正丁酯的催化实验。实验结果表明,纳米氧化锌对酯化反应具有很好的催化作用,催化活性与颗粒大小有一定的关系。     

Fe/Ag催化臭氧氧化降解苯酚的研究

为研究双金属催化剂去除有机污染物的效果,采用自制Fe/Ag催化剂对模拟苯酚废水进行了臭氧催化氧化处理。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪(BET)和X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行表征,并考察了催化剂类型、催化剂投加量和溶液初始pH值对降解效果的影响规律。结果表明:与Fe相比,Fe/Ag比表面积减少了22.8%,在Fe/Ag/O₃与含苯酚废水的反应体系中,反应遵循臭氧直接作用和活性自由基(·OH、·O₂、H₂O₂)共同作用的机理;Fe/Ag在反应过程中体现出良好的协同作用;300 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水在pH=6.3、Fe/Ag投加量为1.00 g的最优反应条件下经60 min反应,苯酚与化学需氧量(COD)去除率比单独臭氧氧化分别提高了18.4%和29.4%。     

2010年6月18日苏北一次强降雹过程及其催化数值模拟

结合实况资料,应用三维对流云模式,对2010年6月18日苏北地区一次持续时间长达5h的强降雹过程进行数值模拟研究.结果表明,模式模拟出了雹云的3次涌升、降雹过程及雷达回波特征.冰雹来自霰的转化,主要靠碰冻过冷云水和雨水增长.催化试验表明,地面降雹刚形成或降雹强度刚增强时,在过冷雨水中心区播撒AgI,减雹效果显著,最大减雹量可达21.1％;催化后,霰的数量增加、尺度减小,导致霰向雹的自动转化减少,且大量小尺度霰成为雹胚后,争食云水,增长受阻.