太阳表面米粒结构观测对比度分析

分析以观测系统焦面上和探测器测到的太阳表面米粒结构的对比度与观测系统口径，大气湍流相干长度以及系统探测灵敏度的关系，给出了不同口径，不同大气湍流相干长度以及不同系统探测灵敏度时的米粒结构对比值计算结果，此外还给出了实验结果。     

单侯井田构造发育规律及其对煤层开采的影响

从区域构造入手,对单侯井田构造进行分析,认为井田内断层发育以走向NW—NE、落差≤5m的小型正断层为主,且主要分布于大中型构造的两侧．特别是在其弧形转折带附近往往形成“羽”状雁列的小断层密集带。断层垂向上多分布于4—7号煤层之间的厚煤层发育区,其严重破坏了煤层的连续及完整性,是影响煤层开采的最主要因素之一。井田褶皱构造相对不发育,以短轴小型背、向斜为主,均属缓波状褶曲,对煤层的开采无影响或影响较小。根据井田地质构造发育程度,对其进行预测及分区评价：井田东部为强烈的构造挤压带,以发育走向NW-近EW—NE向的大型逆掩断层为特点,构造最复杂;井田西北部是相对较轻微的构造挤压带,以发育走向NE向的逆断层为特征,构造较复杂;井田南部以发育近SN或NNW向正断层为主,构造相对简单。评价结果对矿井设计及采区与工作面布置有一定的指导作用。     

宁夏主要气象灾害特征分析及防御对策

通过对1951－1996年出现的干旱、暴雨、洪水及雨涝、冰雹、风灾等主要气象灾害的特征和规律进行统计分析，总结得出：宁夏的气象灾害具有种类多，范围广，频次多，持续时间长，灾情严重，具有群发性和诱发性等特点。在此基础上提出了气象防灾减灾对策。     

Effet de la teneur en eau d'un sol sur la réduction bactérienne d'oxydes de fer

Iron-reducing activity of autochthonous bacteria from two temporary hydromorphic soils is evaluated by the study of iron reductive dissolution, as a function of water content. The release of ferrous iron in solution is coupled to the mineralization of soil organic carbon. Water soil saturation is not necessary for iron reductive dissolution, since the highest dissolution is obtained for a wet, but not water-saturated soil (100% of water holding capacity WHC), and dissolution is also very high in a soil at 75% WHC. To cite this article: S.J. Stemmler et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

Le Viséen supérieur d'Azarhare (Maroc central) : environnements de dépôt,datation et évolution diagénétique

The unexplored area of Azarhare in central Morocco is studied thanks to three sections composed of five lithological facies Main biostratigraphical and sedimentological results concern (1) the identification of Late Visean biozones, with important presence of problematic algae Ungdarella, (2) the regional extension of deposit sequences SD5, SD6 and SD7 previously defined, (3) and an analysis of the diagenetic kaolinite. To cite this article: A. Karim et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

流速仪信号采集系统设计

介绍了流速仪检定系统的工作原理,分析流速仪信号特点和采集难点,针对流速仪信号受外界干扰信号波形复杂问题,设计信号采集硬件调理电路。针对流速仪信号周期多样性问题,对测频法和测周法进行误差分析和比较,确定在不同速度区间使用不同软件滤波的方法。通过硬件调理电路及软件滤波仿真验证,证明设计的可行性,可有效提高流速仪信号采集的精度,并在单片机平台上完成了硬件设计。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Influences of coupled wind–water processes on suspended sediment grain size: an example from tributaries of the Yellow River / Influences de processus couplés éoliens-hydriques sur la granulométrie des matières en suspension: exemple d'affluents du Fleuve Jaune

Abstract

Some unique coupled wind–water erosion processes exist in the desert-loess transitional zone in the middle Yellow River basin. Based on data from 40 stations on 29 rivers, a study was made on the influence of such processes on suspended sediment grain-size characteristics of the tributaries of the Yellow River. Results show that the percentage of >0.05-mm grain size decreases with the increased annual mean precipitation, but increases with the increase in the annual mean number of sand-dust storm days. The percentage of <0.01-mm grain size increases with the increase in the annual mean precipitation, but decreases with the increase in the annual number of sand-dust storm days. Based on annual mean data from 40 stations, multiple regression equations were established between the percentages of >0.05-mm grain size (r _>0.05) and <0.01-mm grain size (r _<0.01), annual mean precipitation (P _m) and annual mean number of sand-dust storm days (D _ss). On this basis, the relative contributions of the variations in D _ss and P _m to the variation in r _>0.05 and r _<0.01 were estimated. The results indicate that the variation in sand-dust storm frequency exerts greater influences on the variation in grain-size characteristics of suspended load than does the variation in annual mean precipitation. With the increase in the coupled wind–water processes index, expressed by P _m/D _ss, the percentage of >0.05-mm grain size in suspended sediment decreases and the percentage of <0.01-mm grain size increases. With the variation in P _m/D _ss, different combinations of r _>0.05 with r _<0.01 appear, which have some influence on the formation of hyperconcentrated flows. There exist some optimal ratios of coarse to fine fractions in suspended sediment that make sediment concentrations of hyperconcentrated flows the highest. The optimal r _>0.05/r _<0.01 value is related to some range of the index P _m/D _ss. When the P _m/D _ss index falls in this range, the optimum combination of relative coarse with fine sediments in the suspended load appears, and thus results in the peak values of sediment concentration.     

略论煤的变质问题

我国煤的变质作用根据受热的主要热源及其作用方式和煤质特征，可归纳为三种基本类型。即：深成变质作用、岩浆热变质作用和动力变质作用。此外，1988年中国地质大学潘治贵等，通过对青海热水矿区研究发现而命名为一种新变质作用类型-热水变质作用。在前人研究的基础上，笔者拟就影响变变质的主要因素谈谈看法，供讨论。     

莺歌海盆地晚第三纪构造特征的三维泥料模拟实验及其动力学意义

莺歌海盆地是发育在古红河断裂带之上的新生代盆地，晚第三纪的构造运动触发了盆地中热流体自超压封存箱向外大规模突破，使热流体及泥质的活动具有规律性成群成带的特征。本次实验基于相似理论，在对盆地的演化史及区域构造应力场充分分析的基础上，进行了晚第三纪盆地构造应力场的三维泥料模拟，证实了红河断裂右旋走滑派生的拉分效应控制了莺歌海盆地晚第三纪的构造活动，而晚第三纪的构造活动又是雁列式断裂展布及底辟体分布的主导因素。