Size‐frequency distributions of Joania cordata and Argyrotheca cuneata (Brachiopoda: Megathyrididae) from the Central Tyrrhenian Sea

Size‐frequency distributions can support reliable inferences concerning population dynamics of brachiopods, but only a few data are available so far. In this study, length and width frequency distributions of dead specimens of the Recent brachiopods Joania cordata and Argyrotheca cuneata from the Marine Protected Area ‘Secche di Tor Paterno’, Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy (41°35′ N, 12°20′ E), are reported in order to add new data about size‐frequency distributions of brachiopods. The studied specimens came from death assemblages in the coralligenous substrate, in the Posidonia oceanica meadows, and in the sand channels. The observed patterns vary from left‐skewed (J. cordata) to right‐skewed (A. cuneata), indicating respectively a low and high mortality of smaller individuals. Significant differences between the coralligenous substrate and the P. oceanica meadow were observed for both species, revealing a variation among different habitats. All length and width distributions are clearly polymodal, but the biological meaning of the peaks is difficult to interpret, as the two species seem to have a 2‐year life span. A biometric analysis of shell sizes revealed that length and width are the most variable parameters during the growth of the animal.     

宜昌地区早志留世（Llandoverian）腕足类一新科Spinochonetidae (fam. nov.)及其意义

腕足类新科Spinochonetidae(fam.nov.)建立在宜昌地区志留系兰多维列统罗惹坪组下段中部(上埃隆阶)的Spinochonetes Rong,Xu et Yang(1974)和Spinolella(gen.nov.)两个属,以及一个属、种未定的分类单元的基础上。新科成员仅有从腹壳喙部伸出一根直的腹喙刺,这与Chonetoidea超科内的Strophochonetidae科以及Chonestrophiidae科众成员的铰合缘刺都是从腹壳铰合缘上伸出来的有着本质差别。另外,本文还对Spinochonetes以及它的属型种S.notata Rong,Xu et Yang(1974)进行重要图解和补充描述。与此同时,对Spinolella(gen.nov),以及S.minuta(gen.et sp.nov.)进行系统描述和对比。据目前所知,新科成员只分布于我国鄂西、黔东北、陕南和川北等地,属于上扬子台地的土族居民。因为Spinochonetidae(fam.nov.)属于腕足类独特的一个类型,演化快,贝体极小,保存精美,因此具有分类学、地层对比,以及恢复古环境等方面的重要意义。     

龙门山中段埃姆斯期群落分析及生态环境模式

龙门山中段白石－长河坝大型飞来峰泥盆纪地层发育,埃姆斯划分为四个古生物群落,配方详细分析了养马坝组Ｚｄｍｉｒ群落和Ｘｅｎｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒ ｆｏｎｇｉ群落的生物组成、丰度、生活方式及生态环境,首次发现龙门山区以Ｚｄｍｉｒ－属为主的生物群受生态环境控制明显,可以出现有Ｘｅｎｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒ ｆｏｎｇｉ群落之下,其时代属晚埃姆斯期,并建立早泥盆世埃姆斯期群落的生态环境模式。     

湘中上泥盆统弗拉斯阶两腕足动物及其地质意义

详细描述了湘中上泥盆统弗拉斯阶腕足动物小嘴贝类的两个属种CamarotoechiashetienchiaoensisTien,1938和HypothyridinalinglingensisWang,1955的内外部特征,首次揭示了后者的内部构造。C.shetienchiaoensis曾先后归于不同的属,但因该种不具有盖板而区别于前人所归的那些属,如Ptychomaletoechia及Ripidiorhynchus等属,目前,暂归其于Hunan otoechia属,所修订的H.shetienchiaoensis包括了田氏的α、β、γ3个变种。这两种小嘴贝类分布于湘中浅海凹陷区及浅水混积岩相区弗拉斯阶的上部,均在弗拉斯—法门阶界线之下约20～40m处绝灭。华南的小嘴贝类材料表明腕足动物在F/F集群绝灭中呈一种长期的阶梯式绝灭的方式。     

Dimerelloid rhynchonellide brachiopods in the Lower Jurassic of the Engadine (Canton Graubünden, National Park, Switzerland)

New brachiopods (Dimerelloidea, Rhynchonellida) from Lower Jurassic (?lower Hettangian) hemipelagic sediments of the Swiss National Park in south-eastern Engadine are described: Sulcirostra doesseggeri sp. nov. and Carapezzia engadinensis sp. nov. Sulcirostra doesseggeri is externally similar to S. fuggeri (Frauscher 1883), a dubious species, that could not be included in a comparative study, because relevant samples no longer exist. A single specimen was tentatively assigned to Sulcirostra ?zitteli (Böse 1894) by comparison of its external morphology with S. zitteli from the type locality. The partly silicified brachiopods are associated with sponge spicules, radiolarians and crinoid ossicles. Macrofossils are rare: dictyid sponges, gastropods, bivalves, crustaceans, shark teeth and scales of an actinopterygian fish. The Lower Jurassic sediments (Alpisella beds, a basal member of the Allgäu Formation) preserving the brachiopods belong to the Ortler nappe (Upper Austroalpine nappes). The exact age of the Alpisella beds is not known, as index fossils are lacking. Their stratigraphic position above the Rhaetian Kössen Formation and below the ammonite-dated Trupchun beds suggests a very Early Jurassic, probably early Hettangian age for the new brachiopod fauna. The new species of Sulcirostra and Carapezzia are confined to a very small geographic area, a peculiarity also observed in other Early Jurassic dimerelloid brachiopods. These brachiopods presumably adapted to current-dominated submarine highs, where their shells could not accumulate, except when trapped in submarine cavities or re-deposited in submarine fans. Transport by turbidity currents is suggested for the Early Jurassic dimerelloids from the Engadine. Problems with the generic definition of Sulcirostra and the higher rank classification of Carapezzia are discussed.     

重庆中梁山长兴组的腕足动物群

本文根据重庆中梁山长兴组中腕足动物的分布规律,建立了下部的Spinomarginifera chengyoayenensis-Qinglongia acutangulum组合和上部的Perigeyerella costellata-Enteletina transversa组合,阐述了各组合的面貌和特征。还对中梁山长兴组腕足动物的时代特征进行了讨论,并与邻区同期的腕足动物群进行了比较。为中梁山、华山各矿井寻找断失翼煤层提供了古生物依据。     

Late Eocene brachiopods from the Euganean Hills (NE Italy)

Five species belonging to five genera and an unidentified rhynchonellid have been recognised in a Late Eocene (Priabonian) brachiopod assemblage from Castelnuovo in the Euganean Hills, north-eastern Italy. One genus and two species are new, i. e. Venetocrania euganea gen. et sp. nov. and “Terebratula” italica sp. nov. Orthothyris pectinoides (von Koenen 1894) is recorded for the first time from Italy. The other species are Terebratulina sp. cf. T. tenuistriata (Leymerie 1846) and Lacazella mediterranea (Risso 1826), both already known from the Italian Eocene.     

新疆哈密三道岭地层新知

在三道岭原石炭系中采到大量腕足类化石,其上部灰岩的时代应为D_1—D_2,其下部泥岩的时代应为S_3—D_1.     

Atrypid Brachiopods from the Upper Devonian Wangchengpo Formation (Frasnian) of southern Guizhou, China — Extinction Patterns in the Frasnian of South China

The Wangchengpo Frasnian section of Dushan County contains two atrypid brachiopod assemblages. The lower is characterized by the Atryparia （Costatrypa） dushanensis fauna that appears at the base of the Hejiazhai Member approximately in the falsiovalis to transitans conodont zones： the upper is characterized by the Radiatrypa yangi fauna, which appears in the Lujiazhai Member approximately correspondent with the hassi to Upper rhenana conodont zones. Atrypid brachiopods, together with other brachiopods from the Dushan section show that the Hejiazhai Member is of Frasnian age. Preliminary analyses of Frasnian atrypid brachiopods from sections of South China indicate that there are nine genera and subgenera including Atryparia （Costatrypa）, Kyrtatrypa, Spinatrypa, lsospinatrypa, Spinatrypina, lowatrypa, Desquamatia （Desquamatia）. Desquamatia （Seratrypa）, and Radiatr）pa. Atrypid species diversity did not change much through the Frasnian. On a regional scale in South China, most atrypid species went extinct prior to the Frasnian/Famennian boundary. At any specific locality or section, these atrypids became extinct about 20-40 m below the Frasnian/Famennian （F/F） boundary, within the linguiformis conodont Zone, marking this as the major extinction level. Three new atrypid species are described： Atryparia （Costatrypa） dushanensis, lowatrypa pseudobodini, and Radiatrypa yangi.