华北石炭——二叠纪煤系粘土岩夹矸中铝的氢氧化物矿物研究

华北石炭——二叠纪煤系太原组和山西组不同煤层粘土岩夹矸中,广泛含有一水软铝石、一水硬铝石和三水铝石。大多数一水铝石矿物呈薄纹层状、似层状及层状聚集于富岩质及富有有机质粘土岩夹矸条带中,有的呈细脉状沿炭质条带及粘土岩夹矸层理的节理裂隙分布,并与玉髓、方解石、高岭石或迪开石和铵云母细脉共生。铝的氢氧化物矿物可以作为成岩古温度和成岩阶段划分的标志矿物。最后还讨论了该矿物的成因。     

Ab initio quantum mechanical study of γ-AlOOH boehmite: structure and vibrational spectrum

The structure and vibrational spectrum of boehmite have been investigated at the quantum-mechanical level with the CRYSTAL code, using a Gaussian-type basis set and the B3LYP Hamiltonian. Three space groups are considered in this study: Cmcm, Cmc2₁, P2₁/c. Cmcm turns out to correspond to a transition state, whereas Cmc2₁ and P2₁/c are minimum energy structures. The difference among them is the position of H atoms only, the Al-O frame being essentially the same. Harmonic frequencies at the Γ point have been computed. The comparison between calculated and experimental frequencies shows a good agreement for the Al-O part of the spectrum (under 790 cm⁻¹). For the Al-OH bending modes (800–1,300 cm⁻¹) an absolute differences of 50–100 cm⁻¹ is observed; for the OH stretching modes (3,200–3,500 cm⁻¹) it increases to 120–200 cm⁻¹: anharmonicity is large because OH groups are involved in strong hydrogen bonds.     

The effect of anatase, rutile and sodium titanate on the dissolution of boehmite and gibbsite at 90 °C

Industrial plants that refine bauxite to alumina using the high temperature process have always held the belief that anatase was detrimental to the extraction of boehmite while rutile was not. This study shows that this effect is real and that it is observable at temperatures as low as 90 °C. The extraction of gibbsite is shown to be unaffected which leads us to believe that the kinetics of both the Ti-bearing mineral and the Al-bearing mineral is important in this phenomenon. In addition, it is shown that not only is the presence of anatase an issue in boehmite extraction but so too is the presence of sodium titanate. Rutile was found to have the least impact of the three mineral phases.     

华北石炭─二叠纪煤系粘土岩夹矸中铝的氢氧化物矿物研究

华北石炭─二叠纪煤系太原组和山西组不同煤层粘土岩夹矸中，广泛含有一水软铝石、一水硬铝石和三水铝石。大多数一水铝石矿物呈薄纹层状、似层状及层状聚集于富岩质及富有有机质粘土岩夹矸条带中，有的呈细脉状沿炭质条带及粘土岩夹矸层理的节理裂隙分布，并与玉髓、方解石、高岭石或迪开石和铵云母细脉共生。铝的氢氧化物矿物可以作为成岩古温度和成岩阶段划分的标志矿物。最后还讨论了该矿物的成因。     

勃姆石的热相变及其降氟作用研究

笔者于1985年春,发现了我国迄今报道的品位最高的勃姆石矿。将勃姆石在650℃下焙烧0.5—1h,则可相变生成γ-Al₂O₃,其比表面积最大,利用这样的γ-Al₂O₃,可以有效地除去水中过量的氟。该工艺的水处理费用较低,有可能为高氟水地区的饮水降氟提供一条新途径。     

山西省河曲县铺沟铝土矿中勃姆石的矿物学特征及其成因探讨

本文对山西省河曲县铺沟铝土矿中的勃姆石进行了偏光显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜鉴定,研究了其矿物学特征。勃姆石晶体形态呈菱形、柳叶状及鳞片状。X射线衍射特征峰有:d020=6.109,d120=3.160,d=051=1.863,d200=1.848,d220=1.769,d080=1.529;晶胞参数为a0=3.690,b0=12.162,c0=2.866;红外光谱反映的特征谱带是3300cm-1和3078cm-1。文章还对其成因进行了探讨,认为主要是由胶体晶化及高岭石脱硅转变而来。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 6 Coal (Pennsylvanian) in the Junger Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China

This paper discusses the mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 6 Coal (Pennsylvanian) in the Junger Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China. The results show that the vitrinite reflectance (0.58%) is lowest and the proportions of inertinite and liptinite (37.4% and 7.1%, respectively) in the No. 6 Coal of the Junger Coalfield are highest among all of the Late Paleozoic coals in the Ordos Basin. The No. 6 Coal may be divided vertically into four sections based on their mineral compositions and elemental concentrations. A high boehmite content (mean 6.1%) was identified in the No. 6 Coal. The minerals associated with the boehmite in the coal include goyazite, rutile, zircon, and Pb-bearing minerals (galena, clausthalite, and selenio-galena). The boehmite is derived from weathered and oxidized bauxite in the weathered crust of the underlying Benxi Formation (Pennsylvanian). A high Pb-bearing mineral content of samples ZG6-2 and ZG6-3 is likely of hydrothermal origin. The No. 6 coal is enriched in Ga (44.8 μg/g), Se (8.2 μg/g), Sr (423 μg/g), Zr (234 μg/g), REEs (193.3 μg/g), Hg (0.35 μg/g), Pb (35.7 μg/g), and Th (17.8 μg/g). Gallium and Th in the No. 6 Coal mainly occur in boehmite, and the Pb-bearing selenide and sulfide minerals contribute not only to Se and Pb contents in the coal, but also probably to Hg content. A high Zr content is attributed to the presence of zircon, and Sr is related to goyazite. The REEs in the coal are supplied from the sediment-source region, and the REEs leached from the adjacent partings by groundwater.     

天然勃姆石热相变体γ-Al2O3交换氟离子的研究

天然勃姆石矿在适当焙烧条件下可相变成γ-Al₂O₃,而γ-Al₂O₃,具有吸附水体中F^-的性能。吸附F^-后可用稀NaOH溶液解吸,酸中和再生。解吸后的含氟NaOH废液可用石灰粉回收,既减少了NaOH的消耗,又避免了对环境的污染。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of boehmite-rich coals: New insights from the Haerwusu Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

Boehmite-rich coal of Pennsylvanian age was discovered earlier at the Heidaigou Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. This paper reports new results on 29 bench samples of the no. 6 coal from a drill core from the adjacent Haerwusu Surface Mine, and provides new insights into the origin of the minerals and elements present. The results show that the proportion of inertinite in the no. 6 coal is higher than in other Late Paleozoic coals in northern China. Based on mineral proportions (boehmite to kaolinite ratio) and major element concentrations in the coal benches of the drill core, the no. 6 coal may be divided into five sections (I to V). Major minerals in Sections I and V are kaolinite. Sections II and IV are mainly kaolinite with a trace of boehmite, and Section III is high in boehmite. The boehmite is derived from bauxite in the weathered surface (Benxi Formation) in the sediment-source region. The no. 6 coal is rich in Al₂O₃ (8.89%), TiO₂ (0.47%), Li (116 μg/g), F (286 μg/g), Ga (18 μg/g), Se (6.1 μg/g), Sr (350 μg/g), Zr (268 μg/g), REEs (172 μg/g), Pb (30 μg/g), and Th (17 μg/g). The elements are classified into five associations by cluster analysis, i.e. Groups A, B, C, D, and E. Group A (ash–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–Na₂O–Li) and Group B (REE–Sc–In–Y–K₂O–Rb–Zr–Hf–Cs–U–P₂O₅–Sr–Ba–Ge) are strongly correlated with ash yield and mainly have an inorganic affinity. The elements that are negatively or less strongly correlated with ash yield (with exceptions of Fe₂O₃, Be, V, and Ni) are grouped in the remaining three associations: Group C, Se–Pb–Hg–Th–TiO₂–Bi–Nb–Ta–Cd–Sn; Group D, Co–Mo–Tl–Be–Ni–Sb–MgO–Re–Ga–W–Zn–V–Cr–F–Cu; and Group E, S–As–CaO–MnO–Fe₂O₃. Aluminum is mainly distributed in boehmite, followed by kaolinite. The high correlation coefficients of the Li–ash, Li–Al₂O₃, and Li–SiO₂ pairs indicate that Li is related to the aluminosilicates in the coal. The boehmite-rich coal is high in gallium and F, which occur in boehmite and the organic matter. Selenium and Pb are mainly in epigenetic clausthalite fillings in fractures. The abundant rare earth elements in the coal benches were supplied from two sources: the bauxite on the weathered surface of the Benxi Formation and from adjacent partings by groundwater leaching during diagenesis. The light rare earth elements (LREEs) are more easily leached from the partings and incorporated into the organic matter than the heavy REEs, leading to a higher ratio of LREEs to HREEs in the coal benches than in the overlying partings.     

多聚磷酸盐在羟基氢氧化铝矿物表面的吸附：基于31P 固体核磁共振技术的机制研究

多聚磷酸盐（Poly-P）是一类非常重要的无机磷酸盐,在自然界广泛存在,研究多聚磷酸盐在自然界的迁移转化对理解磷的生物地球化学循环至关重要。矿物—溶液界面的吸附反应是控制元素在沉积物和土壤中迁移转化的一个关键过程,因此本研究选取在自然界广泛分布的勃姆石（Boehmite）,即羟基氧化铝作为吸附剂,研究了勃姆石在不同初始磷浓度、不同pH条件下对多聚磷的吸附行为和吸附机制。实验结果表明：在实验条件下,随着初始磷浓度的增加,勃姆石对多聚磷的吸附量也随之增加,吸附率均接近100%;而随着pH的升高,勃姆石对多聚磷的吸附量逐渐降低。本研究进一步采用XRD、SEM、³¹P NMR技术对吸附产物进行了表征,核磁共振结果表明勃姆石吸附多聚磷的过程中伴随着多聚磷水解,长链中间的P-O-P键随机断裂,生成了许多短链多聚磷和正磷酸根,两者以内圈络合的形式吸附在勃姆石表面。