贵州关岭生物群中植物化石的发现及其意义

关岭生物群是近年来在我国贵州关岭地区瓦窑组中发现的一个十分重要的生物群 ,其中的植物化石经研究计有 Equisetites cf.arenaceus(Jaeger) Bronn.、Ctenozamitessarrani Zeiller。依据植物化石 C.sarrani常见于晚三叠世和 E.cf.arenaceus系似木贼属中较古老的类型 ,指出含植物化石的地层时代为晚三叠世卡尼期。瓦窑组系海相沉积 ,其中的植物化石无疑为异地埋藏 ,但从化石通常保存尚好来看 ,估计搬运的距离不会很远 ,它们可能是从距海岸不远的陆地被河流带到较平静的海湾或海槽而沉积下来的。此外 ,从该组植物茎干化石具清楚的年轮分析 ,推测卡尼期时 ,贵州关岭一带为非热带雨林地区 ,一年中气候不是四季如一 ,而是有明显的季节变化     

道虎沟生物群(前热河生物群)的发现及其地质时代

根据最新发现的动、植物化石 ,确立了“道虎沟生物群”,这一新的生物群属前热河生物群 ,生存时代大体相当于晚侏罗世的牛津期 (Oxfordian)至基末利期 (Kim meridgian)。这一发现大大补充了我国这一地质时期贫乏的化石记录 ,为探讨热河生物群的起源提供了较丰富的第一手材料。     

Morphological and Phylogenetic Study Based on New Materials of Anchiornis huxleyi (Dinosauria,Theropoda) from Jianchang,Western Liaoning,China

Anchiornis huxleyi, which is a member of the Middle–Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota, is the smallest feathered dinosaur ever known. It has been described as a critical link between feathered dinosaurs and birds. Recent studies, including those of Anchiornis, Xiaotingia, Eosinopteryx and Aurornis, challenged Archaeopteryx as the most basal bird. The new Anchiornis huxleyi specimens that are described in this paper show some minor different characters compared to previously reported Anchiornis specimens, which has revised the character list of Anchiornis and indicates a different phylogenetic point from former opinions.     

河北宣化土城子组恐龙足迹化石新发现

本文报道了新近发现于河北宣化地区土城子组的恐龙足迹化石及沉积环境。为确定足迹化石的地质年代、土城子组的沉积环境及足迹化石属种,本文在对恐龙足迹化石层及其上、下地层进行剖面测制、沉积相划分和沉积环境分析的基础上,对化石层上覆凝灰岩层进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年,并对保存较好的足迹化石进行了测量和对比研究工作。研究结果表明,土城子组底部为冲积扇扇中沉积环境,足迹化石上、下地层则表现为河流相沉积环境,而足迹化石的赋存层位形成于滨湖相沉积环境,发育暴露构造并含有大量裸子植物碎屑化石。凝灰岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为152.3±0.3 Ma(MSWD=0.00106),说明化石层位于土城子组一段,时代属于晚侏罗世钦莫利期(Kimmeridgian)中晚期。已发现的足迹化石以兽脚类三趾型足迹为主,包括跷脚龙足迹属(Grallator)、安琪龙足迹属(Anchisauripus)和实雷龙足迹属(Eubrontes),其次为一些疑似蜥脚类恐龙足迹,是华北北缘土城子组中群落丰富度最高的恐龙足迹点,其中一处或许为中国北方面积最大的恐龙足迹点。因此,我们认为宣化-下花园盆地土城子组一段以河流、湖泊...     

Organochlorine pesticide residues in sediments and biota from the coastal area of Dar es Salaam city,Tanzania

Sediment and biota samples were collected from Msimbazi and Kizinga rivers and from the coastal marine environment of Dar es Salaam during both dry and wet seasons. The samples were analyzed for various organochlorine pesticide residues using GC-ECD and GC-MS. Dieldrin, p,p^′-DDT, p,p^′-DDE, p,p^′-DDD, o,p^′-DDT and γ-HCH were detected at significantly greater concentrations above the method detection limits. Recoveries of pesticide residues ranged 86.5–120% in sediments and 62–102% in biota. The average concentrations of total DDT in sediments for the two seasons were almost the same. Biota samples showed significant difference in levels of residues depending on mode of feeding and age of analyzed biota. p,p^′-DDT to total DDT ratios in all matrices indicated recent use of DDT. The levels of residues in sediments suggest possible adverse effects to humans consuming biota that are directly exposed to the sediments. This effect, which is associated with bio-concentration of residues in the tissues of edible aquatic biota, should not affect wildlife. In spite of concern on the adverse effect to humans posed by pesticide residues in sediments, edible biota from the examined water bodies were found to be safe for human consumption.     

贵州中寒武世凯里生物群的生活环境及古生态系统

以原地埋藏为主的中寒武世凯里生物群生活环境为远离古陆、盐分正常、透光性良好和含氧量充分的热带海洋； 沉积环境为波浪基准面与风暴基准面之间、软性泥质基底、水体相对平静的正常浅海，深度在100 m以内，可能为一系列岛屿所组成的海湾边缘相。依据生物的主要生活和活动空间，可将凯里生物群分为水体上层群落、水体下层群落、底栖表生群落和底栖内生群落。这些生物群落依赖食物链将生态系统中的生物结成一个整体，其群落特征随海平面的变化而有所变化。热带频繁的风暴流或洋流等为生活于海湾边缘的凯里生物群的生长和繁殖提供了大量的营养物质和矿物质，同时由此产生的快速沉积事件是生物遗体得以较为完整保存的重要原因之一。     

云南中三叠世罗平生物群产出地层的 地球化学特征和沉积环境

为了研究安尼期罗平生物群产出地层的沉积环境,从云南罗平地区关岭组二段大凹子精测剖面采集50件样品进行了主量、稀土、微量元素分析。分析结果表明,所有灰岩样品的K、Na含量较低,Mg/Ca比值也较低,反映罗平地区在中三叠世安尼期为温暖潮湿的气候条件;Sr/Ba比值(1.22~68.96,平均值为24.35)较高,m值(=100×MgO/Al2O3)为27.22~27400,平均值达到1432,稀土元素较低的Y/Ho比值,表现出平缓或者微弱的LREE亏损,以及与近岸河口沉积物相似的稀土配分曲线特征,指示其属于近岸的碳酸盐台地内部盆地沉积。从剖面底部到顶部,Al、K、V、Ti和P等元素含量以及Co/Ti、Ni/Ti比值具有多个变化旋回,反映海平面升降变化频繁,总体发生了两次较大规模的海平面相对上升活动。所有样品的V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr、Ni/Co、U/Th等元素比值、δU、lg(Ce/Ce*)等参数值都较高,反映沉积水体为相对低能、缺氧的环境。氧化还原敏感元素V、U、Co、Ni、Zn和Cr等呈现出锯齿状曲线特征,表明水体并不完全处于缺氧环境,而是随着海平面周期性升降活动,底部水体表现为间歇性缺氧。结合地球化学及地层学资料,认为中三叠世安尼期罗平地区处于温暖潮湿、还原、低能的离岸较近台内盆地,这一时期海平面升降频繁,底部水体为间歇性缺氧环境。     

A Mesozoic Pompeii: History of the Jehol Biota’s Rise and Fall

The Jehol fauna was initially represented by a bony fish, concostracan and an insect, as a Lycoptera davidi–Eosestheria–Ephemeropsis trisetalis association, but since the researches of recent decades, the Jehol Biota is now completely different from the past low-diversity, and encompasses a native terrestrial biota that includes many well-preserved vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. There are more than 20 important biological categories, thousands of taphonomically unusual fossils, especially noted for the wide variety of biological tissues. The Jehol Biota has caused a sensation in the world with its wide distribution, large quantity, great variety, fine preservation and detailed information, which records the rise and fall of the numerous taxa, and provides significant evidence for three origins: of birds, eutherian mammals, and angiosperms. The Jehol Biota is a highlight of basic scientific research in China, and we honor it as a world–class fossil treasury and “a Mesozoic Pompeii”.     

副蝎蛉科化石（昆虫纲长翅目）在中国首次发现

报道了华夏三叠副蝎蛉Triasoparachorista huaxiaensis gen. et sp nov. (T2t)、吐孜沟准噶尔蝎蛉Junggarochorista tuzigouensis Hong. nom. nov. (J1b) 和1个新转移属——冀北直脉蝎蛉属Jibeiorthophlebia Hoing, 1983 (transl. nov.) (J2)及其2个种J. xiaofangzhangziensis Hong,1983 (transl. nov.)、J. internata Hong,1983 (transl. nov.) 在中国首次发现。根据它们的脉序特征,在分类上应当归于Parachoristidae Tillyard, 1937。这个科既具有二叠蝎蛉科(Permochoristidae) MP 带6支脉的特征,又有直脉蝎蛉科(Orthophlebiidae) Rs1至少带3支脉呈扇形排列的特征, 形成二叠蝎蛉科和直脉蝎蛉科之间的一种独特的过渡特征的中间类群,这个类群对它们之间的演变关系的研究有重要意义。副蝎蛉科化石在中国的发现很有意义：①填补了中国中三叠世、早侏罗世、中侏罗世副蝎蛉科的空白;②可以帮助我们追溯副蝎蛉科、直脉蝎蛉科和二叠蝎蛉科之间在不同地质背景中的演变关系;③关于中侏罗世燕辽生物群及其有关问题,笔者曾先后指出,燕辽生物群(Yanliao Biota)（J2）和热河生物群（K1）均起源于华北古陆（North China Paleocontinent）,燕辽地区（覆盖了新增加的内蒙古宁城地区）是它们的起源中心,尔后向外扩散与迁移,并向北覆盖到蒙古东部、俄罗斯外贝加尔等地区,形成东亚古陆（Eastern Asian Paleocontinent）中一个广阔的燕辽生物群和热河生物群的区系;④讨论了宁城地区地层层位的归属问题。