Datation UPb : âge de mise en place du magmatisme bimodal des Jebilet centrales (chaı̂ne Varisque,Maroc). Implications géodynamiques

The bimodal magmatism of central Jebilet is dated to 330.5^+0.68_?0.83 Ma by UPb dating on zircons. This age, similar to that of the syntectonic Jebilet cordierite-bearing granitoids, corresponds to the age of the local major tectonometamorphic event. The syntectonic plutonism of the Jebilet massif, composed of tholeiitic, alkaline, and peraluminous calc-alkaline series, is variegated. Magmas emplacement was favoured by the local extension induced by the motion along the western boundary of the Carboniferous basins of the Moroccan Meseta. The Jebilet massif exemplifies the activation of various magmas sources during an episode of continental convergence and crustal wrenching.     

Comparison of Proterozoic and Phanerozoic rift-related basaltic-granitic magmatism

This paper compares the 1.67–1.47 Ga rapakivi granites of Finland and vicinity to the 1.70–1.68 Ga rapakivi granites of the Beijing area in China, the anorogenic 130 Ma granites of western Namibia, and the 20–15 Ma granites of the Colorado River extensional corridor in the Basin and Range Province of southern Nevada. In Finland and China, the tectonic setting was incipient, aborted rifting of Paleoproterozoic or Archean continental crust, in Namibia it was continental rifting and mantle plume activity that led to the opening of southern Atlantic at 130 Ma. The 20–15 Ma granites of southern Nevada were related to rifting that followed the Triassic–Paleogene subduction of the Farallon plate beneath the southwestern United States. In all cases, extension-related magmatism was bimodal and accompanied by swarms of diabase and rhyolite–quartz latite dikes. Rapakivi texture with plagioclase-mantled alkali feldspar megacrysts occurs in varying amounts in the granites, and the latest intrusive phases are commonly topaz-bearing granites or rhyolites that may host tin, tungsten, and beryllium mineralization. The granites are typically ferroan alkali-calcic metaluminous to slightly peraluminous rocks with A-type and within-plate geochemical and mineralogical characteristics. Isotope studies (Nd, Sr) suggest dominant crustal sources for the granites. The preferred genetic model is magmatic underplating involving dehydration melting of intermediate-felsic deep crust. Juvenile mafic magma was incorporated either via magma mingling and mixing, or by remelting of newly hybridized lower crust. In Namibia, partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle was caused by the Tristan mantle plume, in the other cases the origin of the mantle magmatism is controversial. For the Fennoscandian suites, extensive long-time mantle upwelling associated with periodic, migrating melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, governed by heat flow and deep crustal structures, is suggested.     

Bimodal magmatism of the Tucumã area,Carajás province: U-Pb geochronology,classification and processes

Geological mapping of the Tucumã area has enabled the identification of dike swarms intruded into an Archean basement. The disposition of these dikes is consistent with the well-defined NW-SE trending regional faults, and they can reach up to 20 km in length. They were divided into three main groups: (i) felsic dikes (70% of the dikes), composed exclusively of porphyritic rhyolite with euhedral phenocrysts of quartz and feldspars immersed in an aphyric felsite matrix; (ii) mafic dikes, with restricted occurrence, composed of basaltic andesite and subordinate basalt, with a mineralogical assembly consisting dominantly of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and olivine; and (iii) intermediate rocks, represented by andesite and dacite. Dacites are found in outcrops associated with felsic dikes, representing different degrees of hybridization or mixture of mafic and felsic magmas. This is evidenced by a large number of mafic enclaves in the felsic dikes and the frequent presence of embayment textures. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of felsic dikes yielded an age of 1880.9 ± 3.3 Ma. The felsic dikes are peraluminous to slightly metaluminous and akin to A2, ferroan and reduced granites. The intermediate and mafic dikes are metaluminous and belong to the tholeiitic series. Geochemical modeling showed that mafic rocks evolved by pyroxene and plagioclase crystallization, while K-feldspar and biotite are the fractionate phases in felsic magma. A simple binary mixture model was used to determine the origin of intermediate rocks. It indicated that mixing 60% of rhyolite and 40% basaltic andesite melts could have generated the dacitic composition, while the andesite liquid could be produced by mixing of 60% and 40% basaltic andesite and rhyolite melts, respectively. The mixing of basaltic and andesitic magmas probably occurred during ascent and storage in the crust, where andesite dikes are likely produced by a more homogeneous mixture at high depths in the continental crust (mixing), while dacite dikes can be generated in the upper crust at a lower temperature, providing a less efficient mixing process (mingling). The affinities observed between the felsic to intermediate rocks of the Rio Maria and São Felix do Xingu areas and the bimodal magmatism of the Tucumã area reinforce the hypothesis that in the Paleoproterozoic the Carajás province was affected by processes involving thermal perturbations in the upper mantle, mafic underplating, and associated crustal extension or transtension. The 1.88 Ga fissure-controlled A-type magmatism of the Tucumã area was emplaced ∼1.0 to ∼0.65 Ga after stabilization of the Archean crust. Its origin is not related to subduction processes but to the disruption of the supercontinent at the end of the Paleoproterozoic.     

关于巴罗式变质带的最新研究及其对研究秦岭杂岩的意义

本文对苏格兰高地Grampian造山运动中产生的经典巴罗变质带进行了讨论,重点介绍了近年来关于其变质作用的特征及发生机制认识方面的重大变化。强调巴罗变质作用仅发生在整个造山运动过程中的部分时段,纪录了短暂的加热过程,时空上与区域内大规模的双峰式岩浆活动有关。经典的巴罗变质系列并非形成于地壳增厚及其热弛豫,而是代表了中地壳内大规模的接触变质作用。参考经典地区的变质特征,对发育巴罗式变质作用的秦岭杂岩进行了初步对比分析,指出其中与夕线石有关的变质P-T-t轨迹可能是等压冷却过程,而不是等温降压的顺时针演化模式。秦岭杂岩的变质作用时间仍需要进一步准确厘定。结合其它相关地质特征的分析和对比,得出如下推论:巴罗式变质带发育地区的变质作用、混合岩与花岗岩均属于同一动力系统作用的结果,花岗质岩体不是变质作用的原因;基性岩浆可能提供了巴罗式变质作用发生所需要的热能,但不是必要条件;巴罗式变质作用可以发生在正常地壳厚度情况下,不是碰撞构造的标志;伴随热异常的变形过程中产生了变质带的梯度分布(巴罗式变质带)和一些花岗岩,形成类似于底辟的冲起构造。     

Neoproterozoic granitic activities in the Xingdi plutons at the Kuluketage block,NW China: Evidence from zircon U–Pb dating,geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic analyses

Neoproterozoic igneous rocks are widely distributed in the Kuluketage block along the northern margin of the Tarim Craton. However, the published literature mainly focuses on the ca. 800 Ma adakitic granitoids in the area, with the granites that intrude the 735–760 Ma mafic–ultramafic rocks poorly studied. Here we report the ages, petrography and geochemistry of two granites in the Xingdi mafic–ultramafic rocks, in order to construct a new view of the non-adakitic younger granites. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating provided weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 743.0 ± 2.5 Ma for the No.I granite (G1) and 739.0 ± 3.5 Ma for the No.II granite (G2). A clear core-rim texture of similar age and a high zircon saturation temperature of ca. 849 ± 14 °C were observed for the No.I granite; in contrast, G2 has no apparent core-rim texture but rather inherited older zircons and a lower zircon saturation temperature of ca. 763 ± 17 °C. Geochemical analysis revealed that G1 is an alkaline A-type granite and G2 is a high-K calc-alkaline I-type granite. Both granites share similar geochemical characteristics of arc-related magmatic rocks and enriched Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, likely due to their enriched sources or mixing with enriched magma. Whereas G1 and its host mafic rocks form typical bimodal intrusions of the same age and similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotope compositions, G2 is younger than its host mafic rocks and its Sr–Nd–Hf isotope composition indicates a lower crust origin. Although they exhibit arc-related geochemical features, the two granites likely formed in a rift setting, as inferred from thier petrology, Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes and regional tectonic evolution.     

新疆博格达东缘色皮口地区晚石炭世裂谷火山岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究

新疆色皮口地区位于博格达造山带东段北部,区域内的上石炭统柳树沟组火山岩为玄武岩-玄武安山岩、角斑岩-石英角斑岩和流纹岩,组成双峰式火山岩建造。岩石SiO 2含量为48.07%~77.62%,赖特碱度率(AR)为1.35~4.7,Na2O+K2O含量为3.74%~9.02%,K2O/Na2O值为0.04~1.04,为低钾高钠钙碱性-碱性岩石。玄武岩、玄武安山岩TiO 2=0.86%~1.7%,较高的Al、低Mg,以及低K2O/TiO 2和K2O/P2O5比值(分别为0.13~1.81、0.36~6.00),反映了在岩浆演化过程中发生了不明显的分离结晶作用。玄武岩、玄武安山岩、角斑岩不相容元素K、Rb、Th、Ba强富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf无富集,Ti亏损不明显,玄武岩(Th/Nb)N值为1.36~6.55,Nb/La值为0.29~0.44,具有较低的Nb/Zr比值(0.03~0.05)。由玄武岩到石英角斑岩,稀土元素组成略右倾平行曲线簇,倾斜度(轻重稀土分异度)略增大,铕负异常趋于明显(δEu=0.81~1.17)。流纹岩不相容元素K、Rb、Th、Ba富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf富集,流纹岩稀土总量增高,轻重稀土分异增大,明显铕负异常(δEu=0.27~0.50),显示后期较强的岩浆分异作用。石英角斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为314.9±1.2Ma(n=16,MSWD=0.4,Th/U比值在0.56~1.21之间),这表明石英角斑岩形成时代为晚石炭世。石英角斑岩中锆石的176Hf/177Hf比值均分布在0.282897~0.283097之间,并具有较高的正εHf值(11~18),平均值为14,Hf的模式年龄tDM2介于180~628Ma。所有锆石的176Hf/177Hf比值和εHf值位于亏损地幔演化线与下地壳之间,并靠近亏损地幔演化线。上述特点反映晚石炭世火山岩形成于板内裂谷环境,下部玄武岩与角斑岩-石英角斑岩具有同源特征,暗示岩浆源区来源于亏损地幔,并受地壳混染。     

Permian volcanic rocks from the Apuseni Mountains (Romania): Geochemistry and tectonic constraints

An Early Permian volcanic assemblage is well exposed in the central-western part of the Apuseni Mountains (Romania). The rocks are represented by rhyolites, basalts and subordinate andesites suggesting a bimodal volcanic activity that is intimately associated with a post-orogenic (Variscan) syn-sedimentary intra-basinal continental molasse sequences. The mafic and mafic-intermediate rocks belong to sub-alkaline tholeiitic series were separated in three groups (I–III) showing a high Th and Pb abundances, depletion in Nb, Ta and Sr, and slightly enriched in LREE patterns (La_N/Yb_N = 1.4–4.4). Isotopically, the rocks of Group I have the initial ratios ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.709351–0.707112, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512490–0.512588 and high positive ?_Nd270 values from 3.9 to 5.80; the rocks of Group II present for the initial ratios values ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.709434–0.710092, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512231–0.512210 and for ?_Nd270 the negative values from −1.17 to −1.56; the rocks of Group III display for the initial ratios the values ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.710751–0.709448, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512347–0.512411 and for ?_Nd270 the positive values from 1.64 to 2.35. The rocks resembling continental tholeiites, suggest a mantle origin and were further affected by fractionation and crustal contamination. In addition, the REE geochemistry (1 > Sm_N/Yb_N < 2.5; 0.9 > La_N/Sm_N < 2.5) suggests that these rocks were generated by high percentage partial melting of a metasomatized mantle in the garnet peridotite facies. The felsic rocks are enriched in Cs, Rb Th and U and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, Eu, and Ti. The REE fractionation patterns show a strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.23–0.40). The felsic rocks show the initial ratios the values: ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.704096–0.707805, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) = 0.512012–0.512021 and for ?_Nd270 the negative values from −5.27 to −5.44. They suggest to be generated within the lower crust during the emplacement of mantle-derived magmas that provided necessary heat to crustal partial melting.     

内蒙古中部西乌旗晚石炭世辉长岩-花岗岩系列:岩石成因与地球动力学意义SCIEI北大核心CSCD

辉长岩和花岗岩组成的双峰式火成岩系列通常产出于威尔逊板块构造旋回的诸多伸展周期。基于其岩石地球化学特征示踪伸展地球动力学过程与相关壳幔相互作用的独特视角,本文报道了中亚造山带东段内蒙古中部西乌旗地区新近识别的晚石炭世猴头庙辉长岩-花岗岩系列。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年揭示辉长岩和花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为~307Ma和~305Ma。辉长岩主要由斜长石、辉石和角闪石组成;SiO 2含量介于50.4%~53.4%之间,呈现镁质、准铝质和钙碱性特征;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;并具有OIB型全岩Sr-Nd(I Sr(t)=0.704249~0.704330,εNd(t)=+1.73~+3.81)和锆石Hf(εHf(t)=+4.58~+15.16)同位素组成,其锆石δ18 O介于5.75‰~6.61‰之间。这些特征指示辉长岩可能源于俯冲板片流体交代的亏损地幔楔部分熔融。同期花岗岩主要由斜长石、钾长石、石英和黑云母组成;其SiO 2含量变化于76.3%~77.6%,高硅碱、贫铁镁、弱过铝、富钍铀、亏锶钡、Eu负异常,契合典型高分异I型花岗岩的元素地球化学特征;花岗岩具有中等放射性成因的全岩I Sr(t)(0.704923~0.704981)、εNd(t)值(-0.15~+0.57)和锆石εHf(t)值(-2.63~+7.40),以及高的锆石δ18 O(6.44‰~8.06‰)。鉴于元素和同位素特征指示的高分异特征和高演化源区,猴头庙高硅花岗岩可能衍生自中元古代和古生代多期增生物质所组成的复合中基性地壳的部分熔融及其后的结晶分异作用。综合区域石炭纪-早二叠世蛇绿混杂岩和岛弧岩浆岩时空展布格局,晚石炭世猴头庙辉长岩-花岗岩系列记录了内蒙古中部其时因洋脊俯冲引发的弥散性区域伸展事件。一方面,该事件既有别于建造西乌旗早-中石炭世弧-盆体系的板片回退阶段,又迥异于早二叠世大规模后碰撞伸展过程;另一方面,这些周期性伸展事件共同见证了中亚造山带东段晚古生代威尔逊造山旋回的完整历程。     

扬子地台西南缘康滇断隆带海孜双峰式侵入岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

海孜辉绿岩-花岗斑岩双峰式侵入岩体位于扬子地台西南缘康滇断隆带中的武定-元江裂陷槽内,本文对海孜辉绿岩和花岗斑岩主要进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学研究。花岗斑岩的定年结果为1764±18Ma,辉绿岩的定年结果为1765±5.4Ma。岩相学及地球化学测定数据显示海孜地区辉绿岩具有细粒和粗粒两种结构,与花岗斑岩之间存在明显的组分间断,形成双峰态,其中花岗斑岩为钙碱性(Si O2=70.93%~73.04%,σ=1.28),辉绿岩属过碱性(Si O2=42.46%~48.26%,σ=15.3),Hf同位素特征表明两者可能均与幔源母岩浆相关。而海孜双峰式分布特征显示大陆裂谷拉张环境的构造背景,暗示海孜岩体是1.7Ga时昆阳裂谷裂解时期产物,与全球Columbia超大陆的裂解事件相呼应。作为扬子地台西南缘首次发现的1.7Ga双峰式侵入岩,海孜双峰式侵入岩的发现具有重要的地质意义。     

Review Section

ABSTRACT

The petrology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the early Permian volcanic rocks from Houtoumiao area, south Xiwuqi County in central Inner Mongolia of China, are studied to elucidate the early Permian tectonic setting of the region. The volcanic rocks, which are interbedded with sandstone, feature both mafic and felsic compositions and show a bimodal nature. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the volcanic rocks formed at 274–278 Ma, similar to the ages of bimodal magmatism in neighbouring areas. The mafic rocks are composed of tholeiitic basalt, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and trachyandesite. They are rich in Th, U, and LILEs, depleted in HFSEs Nb, Ta, and Ti, and have positive ε_Nd(t) values (+3.6 to +7.9). Geochemical analyses indicate that the mafic rocks originated from metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The felsic volcanic rocks are mainly rhyolite, with minor trachyte and dacite. They have different evolutionary tendencies of major elements, chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and isotopic compositions from the mafic volcanic rocks, which preclude formation by fractional crystallization of mafic melts. The ε_Nd(t) values of the felsic rocks are similar to those of the Carboniferous Baolidao arc rocks in the region. It is suggested that Permian felsic melts originated from the partial melting of Carboniferous juvenile arc-related rocks. By comparison with typical Cenozoic bimodal volcanism associated with several tectonic settings, including rift, post-collisional setting, back-arc basin, and the Basin and Range, USA, the bimodal volcanic rocks in central Inner Mongolia display similar petrological and geochemical characteristics to the rocks from back-arc basin and the Basin and Range, USA. Based on the analysis of regional geological data, it is inferred that the early Permian bimodal volcanic rocks in the study area formed on an extensional continental margin of the Siberian palaeoplate after late Carboniferous subduction–accretion.