Dating of two thermokarst lakes in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Most of the thermokarst lakes are spread appreciably in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where ice-rich permafrost exists.Two typical thermokarst lakes with differing area and depth were examined to ascertain their age.We obtained lake-bottom samples of 50 cm length from lake BLH-A and 25 cm length from lake BLH-B.Environmental 137 Cs and 210 Pb and radiocarbon age dating techniques were applied to the 50 cm and 25 cm samples,respectively.The results indicate that the initiation of BLH-A is about 800-900 a B.P.,and approximately 1,450±30 a B.P.to 2,230±30 a B.P.for BLH-B.These results will provide scientific bases for sedimentological study and thermokarst activity in Beiluhe Basin.     

非贯穿型热喀斯特湖下部及其周围多年冻土特征

基于对青藏高原北麓河盆地天然形成的湖塘下部及其周围地温的监测分析, 结果表明该湖塘为非贯穿型热喀斯特湖. 湖塘下部多年冻土上限变化较大, 湖岸过渡带及天然场地多年冻土上限基本保持不变. 随着远离湖塘中心, 湖塘下部及其周围多年冻土含冰量依次升高, 地温年变化深度依次降低, 年平均地温依次降低. 观测期内, 湖塘下部浅层多年冻土地温在逐渐升高, 深部土体地温基本保持不变; 湖岸过渡带及天然场地下部多年冻土地温基本保持不变. 天然场地多年冻土地温明显低于湖塘下部土体地温.     

青藏高原北麓河地区近地层能量输送与微气象特征

利用青藏高原北麓河冻土综合试验站自动气象站2002年5月30日～6月24日观测资料,计算分析了该地区近地层的地表能量平衡、地表加热场、感热、潜热、地表反照率、动量和热量总体输送系数等特征量场的变化特征,首次得到高原北麓河地区近地层能量输送和微气象特征。     

青藏高原北麓河地区沥青路面辐射特征分析

沥青路面是寒区道路工程主要路面类型之一, 其对热量的吸收易诱发寒区道路病害. 在青藏高原北麓河试验场对沥青路面和天然地表的太阳辐射和地面辐射通量进行了观测, 对比分析了两种地面类型在能量辐射方面的差异. 结果表明: 天然地表的反照率是沥青路面的2~3倍. 沥青路面和天然地表的辐射通量总体呈夏季 >秋季 >春季 >冬季特点. 到达沥青路面的向下长、短波辐射量均大于天然地表, 沥青路面向上的长波辐射通量大于天然地表. 2009年9月-2010年8月沥青路面的净辐射量比天然地表多302.2 MJ·m^-2, 2010年9月-2011年8月向上的短波辐射相对增加, 使得沥青路面的净辐射量仅比天然地表多28.21 MJ·m^-2. 在5 cm深度, 沥青路面的温度比天然地表高约1.15~8.6 ℃. 对短波辐射的削减和对长波的吸收是其净辐射量增加的重要原因, 在能量辐射方面的差异是造成沥青路面吸热的重要原因之一.     

Vegetation impact on the thermal regimes of the active layer and near-surface permafrost in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China

The ground temperature and active layer are greatly influenced by vegetation in the Greater Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China.However,vegetation,as a complex system,is difficult to separate the influence of its different components on the ground thermal regime.In this paper,four vegetation types,including a Larix dahurica-Ledum palustre var.dilatatum-Bryum forest（P1）,a L.dahurica-Betula fruticosa forest（P2）,a L.dahurica-Carex tato forest（P3） in the China Forest Ecological Research Network Station in Genhe,and a Carex tato swamp（P4） at the permafrost observation site in Yitulihe,have been selected to study and compare their seasonal and annual influence on the ground thermal regime.Results show that the vegetation insulates the ground resulting in a relatively high ground temperature variability in the Carex tato swamp where there are no tree stands and shrubs when compared with three forested vegetation types present in the area.Vegetation thickness,structure,and coverage are the most important factors that determine the insulating properties of the vegetation.In particular,the growth of ground cover,its water-holding capacity and ability to intercept snow exert a significant effect on the degree of insulation of the soil under the same vegetation.     

气候变暖条件下,中(高)亚洲地区不稳定型冻土的巨大挑战和创新解决方案:——来自首届亚洲冻土大会及会后青藏高原考察的总结报告

首届亚洲冻土大会于2006年8月5~16日在兰州、青藏线和拉萨顺利召开.大会讨论主要包括以下5个议题:1)冻土工程;2)山区和高原冻融灾害及冰缘环境;3)冰冻圈的气候与环境条件;4)冻土水文、寒区水资源及土地利用,和;5)冻土监测、制图及模拟.国内论文大多集中于青藏铁路各种科技创新和工程(示范)建设方面.中亚冻土分类、制图和监测研讨会明确了制定统一的中亚地区冻土图的计划和实施方案.会议期间,国内主要新闻媒体对全球15位著名冻土学家进行了联合采访.大约80位中外代表参加了青藏(公)铁路沿线考察,并于8月15日在拉萨举行青藏铁路工程和环境问题讨论会.专家一致认为,青藏铁路所采取的冻土工程措施基本上是恰当、有效的,能够保证青藏铁路路基的长期稳定性.但是,沿线寒区环境保护问题还任重道远,需要尽快进行综合管(治)理,以达到青藏地区社会经济和谐、持续发展的目标.     

Changes in surface soil mositure during freeze-thaw process under different vegetated status using Sentinel-1A in Beiluhe北大核心CSCD

Beiluhe basin lies in a permafrost region where is located in the interior of Tibetan Plateau. Ecosystem in the area is subjected to the freeze-thaw process of the active tjaele,and there is conspicuous correlation between soil moisture（SM）and vegetation coverage. To retrieve the soil moisture content of Beiluhe basin with a total area of 2 037. 94 km2,a synergistic method,which combined improved water cloud model,Oh,Dubois and Topp model,was presented in this paper base on Sentinel-1A multi-polarization SAR and Landsat-8 time series images data. The accuracy was validated with the in-situ point SM data：Adjusted-R2 of the regression equation is 0. 6848,and RMSE is 0. 039 cm3·cm-3. The analysis of correlation among freeze-thaw process,SM and vegetation cover from macro watershed scale manifests：Vegetation coverage has a significant delayed effect on the freeze-thaw process of the active tjaele,that is,the higher vegetation coverage,the more lagging freeze-thaw time;These study results are basically consistent with predecessors in-situ observation data,verifying the feasibility of studying correlation among soil freeze-thaw process,SM,and vegetation coverage from the macro watershed scale based on Sentinel-1A annual time series data. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

青藏高原北麓河地区原状多年冻土导热系数的试验研究

取自青藏高原北麓河试验段的原状冻土, 利用 QL-30 热物性分析仪测定原状冻土的导热系数. 结果表明: 原状冻土和重塑土的导热系数变化规律存在着较大差别. 对于浅部冻土层, 气体体积含量和含冰量是影响原状冻土导热系数的控制因素; 而对于地下冰层, 冰是控制其导热系数的最重要因素, 气体体积含量的大小也对其导热系数有影响. 对于深部强 全风化泥岩, 气体体积含量控制着它的导热系数的大小.     

降雨对青藏高原多年冻土区地表辐射的影响——以北麓河地区为例

青藏高原地表辐射变化影响多年冻土地表能量收支平衡、热工计算温度场边界条件以及冻土热稳定性。降雨变化是影响地表辐射的重要因素,以青藏高原北麓河地区的地表辐射资料和浅层地表水热监测数据为基础,分析了降雨对多年冻土区地表辐射特征的影响。研究表明：受降雨影响,辐射分量具有明显的日变化和年际变化特征,短波辐射被严重削弱,地面长波辐射削弱程度较低,而太阳长波辐射增强。小雨作用后,太阳短波、地面短波、地面长波辐射日积分量分别减少24.6%、37.9%、4.2%,太阳长波增加了4.3%;中雨作用后,太阳短波、地面短波、地面长波辐射日积分量分别减少32.2%、43.4%、1.7%,太阳长波增加了11.6%;大雨作用后,太阳短波、地面短波、地面长波辐射日积分量分别减少56.3%、65.5%、4.4%,太阳长波增加了10.7%;降雨作用后地表反照率减小,且呈不对称“U”形变化,地表净辐射增加,长期时间尺度上降雨对净辐射影响不明显;降雨对辐射特征的影响程度与降雨强度呈正相关且地表辐射对降雨变化的响应有滞后效应。在暖湿化背景下,冻土热工计算中应考虑降雨对多年冻土区地表能量平衡和水热边界的影响。