柴北缘斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及其构造背景

分布在柴北缘超高压变质带中的斜长角闪岩主要有两种类型,一种由榴辉岩退变而成,一种只经历角闪岩相变质作用。它们的原岩属于拉斑玄武质岩石,轻稀土富集,Nd同位素组成亏损,这些玄武岩浆分别来自不同的地幔源区,地壳混染不明显,形成的环境可能为大陆裂谷或初始洋盆,这可能是柴北缘早古生代洋盆打开的前兆。随着早古生代洋盆的关闭,这些基性火成岩部分经历了超高压变质作用,即发生了深俯冲,部分只经历角闪岩相变质。无论哪种情况,它们在遭受变质作用之前,就与陆壳岩石共生在一起,支持柴北缘榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩与片麻岩的关系为原地关系(in situ)?     

浙江陈蔡群斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及其大地构造背景探讨

陈蔡群斜长角闪岩的基本组成矿物是斜长石和角闪石,不同样品中还可出现透辉石、黑云母、石英和碱性长石等。大多数斜长角闪岩显示石英拉斑和橄榄拉斑系列的特征,个别属于钙碱性系列。其稀土元素配分曲线显示不同程度的LREE富集特征,指示斜长角闪岩原岩在成岩过程方面的多样性。根据微量元素蛛网图的斜率和Nb、Ta异常情况以及Zr-TiO₂相关性,斜长角闪岩主要分成岛弧和洋岛两种类型,指示陈蔡群的原岩形成于洋内俯冲或洋陆俯冲的环境。龙游八都群斜长角闪岩呈MORB的地球化学特征,与陈蔡群斜长角闪岩形成鲜明的对比     

河南鲁山太华变质杂岩前寒武纪变质作用

太华变质杂岩("太华群")出露于华北克拉通中部造山带南缘,包括自西北向东南依次出露的华山、洛宁、鲁山、舞钢等四个出露区。鲁山地区太华变质杂岩中的斜长角闪岩类,变质演化历史记录得相对最为全面,其中普遍保留了三个阶段的变质矿物组合。第一阶段变质矿物组合(M1)为进变质组合,以石榴子石变斑晶中的包裹体矿物组合(石英+斜长石+角闪石±单斜辉石±钛铁矿)为代表,形成于约710℃/7.8kbar的条件下。第二阶段变质矿物组合(M2)为变质高峰期组合,以石榴子石变斑晶和基质矿物组合(角闪石+斜长石+石英±单斜辉石±钛铁矿)为代表,形成于约730~810℃/8.1~11.7kbar的条件下。第三阶段的矿物组合为退变质组合,以环绕石榴子石变斑晶发育的后成合晶矿物组合(石英+斜长石+角闪石±单斜辉石±钛铁矿)为代表,形成的温度与压力条件约为730~740℃/3.5~5.7kbar。这些斜长角闪岩类记录了顺时针变质作用P-T轨迹,其中包含近等温降压的退变质过程,其中变质峰期变质条件达高角闪岩相到麻粒岩相过渡区。二次离子质谱(SIMS)探针锆石U-Pb定年表明,变质锆石年龄介于1.93~1.87Ga之间。结合其他学者发表的资料,推测华北中部造山带的中段和南段似乎在~1.95Ga即已开始了俯冲-碰撞的造山过程,而且该造山过程几乎延续了150Myr之久。     

Évolution pression–température des amphibolites de la zone axiale au cours du métamorphisme hercynien des Pyrénées orientales

Thin levels of amphibolites from the Canigou, Albères and Cap de Creus massifs have been studied in order to investigate their pressure and temperature evolution during time. P and T values have been calculated using the amphibole–plagioclase–quartz thermo-barometer. Si, Al, Mg and Fe of zoned amphiboles have been analysed from core to rim by microprobe. By combining the results obtained from several (or different) crystals, P–T–t paths have been determined using the amphibole-plagioclase-quartz equilibriums. In the Canigou Massif, the amphibolites have recorded anti-clockwise P–T–t paths around a peak of metamorphism located at about 650?°C–6.1 kbar, whereas in the Albères Massif, the calculated P–T–t paths of amphibolites near the paragneisses are retrograde only, from 600?°C–5 kbar to 450?°C–2.5 kbar, but one cummingtonite-bearing amphibolite has also recorded an anti-clockwise evolution around 650?°C–4.5 kbar. The retrograde P–T–t paths recorded for amphibolites from the ‘Cap de Creus’ Massif are retrograde only, from 650?°C–6 kbar and 400?°C–1 kbar. To cite this article: C. Triboulet et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

The metamorphic evolution of the high pressure mafic granulites of the Bacariza Formation (Cabo Ortegal Complex, Hercynian belt, NW Spain)

The high pressure mafic granulites of the Bacariza Formation outcrop in the two uppermost structural units of the Cabo Ortegal Complex (La Capelada unit and Cedeira unit) were separated by a Variscan thrust. In both cases, they appear as heterogeneous metabasites in normal contact between ultramafic rocks and other more homogeneous and less differentiated metabasic rocks, also affected by catazonal metamorphism. The main difference between the mafic granulites in the two units is the degree of deformation, which is higher in the underlying Cedeira unit. Petrologic and mineralogical data indicate that the high-pressure (HP) granulites (Gt-Cpx±Amp-Pl±Qtz±Scp-Rt±Ilm-Czo) are already retrograde (M2 Stage), post-dating an earlier eclogite facies metamorphism (M1 Stage) characterised by the mineral associations: Gt-Cpx±Amp±Ky±Qtz-Rt and Gt-Cpx±Amp±Qtz±Zo-Rt. The main structure related to the exhumation processes is the development of a general mylonitic foliation that, although initiated in granulite facies conditions, was mainly equilibrated in amphibolite facies (M3 Stage). This foliation was affected by isoclinal folds, which led to the formation of the Variscan thrusts responsible for the present stacking position. Thrust conditions were transitional between amphibolite and greenschist facies (M4 Stage). Thermobarometric data point to different P–T exhumation paths in the two units. Estimated P–T conditions were higher in La Capelada unit during M1 (P≥13 kbar; 860°C) and M2 (15 kbar; 800°C) than in the Cedeira unit (M1: P≥11 kbar, 770°C; M2: 12 kbar; 750°C). Temperatures for the M3 stage were comparable (720°C) in both units but rocks from the Cedeira unit show a much bigger drop in pressure. This resulted in an isothermal decompression type path for the Cedeira unit, while both P and T decreased more steadily in La Capelada rocks. These were always located at deeper level than the Cedeira rocks before the Variscan stacking. The difference in the two paths is related to different exhumation rates; higher in rocks from the Cedeira unit than in those from La Capelada. Exhumation processes coeval with underthrusting, and a different location of the rocks with respect to the main shear zone responsible for the exhumation would account for the distinct paths.     

秦岭杂岩清油河斜长角闪岩多期变质的证据——来自锆石微量元素和包裹体的启示

北秦岭清油河地区广泛发育以透镜状、条带状或岩墙状赋存于秦岭杂岩石英二长片麻岩中的斜长角闪岩,矿物组合为角闪石、斜长石以及少量的石榴子石、单斜辉石等。锆石阴极发光图像、不同微区矿物包裹体和稀土元素分析,以及不同性质锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和微量元素分析等综合研究结果表明,该斜长角闪岩锆石成因十分复杂,可进一步划分为三种类型。第一类锆石呈半自形-他形晶,阴极发光显示条带状分带,锆石稀土总量较高,球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式中重稀土富集,Eu负异常明显,记录的206Pb/238U加权平均值为774±13Ma,代表了该岩石原岩形成时代;第二类锆石呈他形晶,为典型的变质锆石,阴极发光图像为扇状或面状分带,锆石稀土总量较低,球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式中重稀土相对平坦,没有Eu的负异常,表明该类锆石结晶时岩石中含有石榴子石,而没有长石,该类锆石矿物包裹体主要为Grt+Cpx+Q,可能代表榴辉岩相(榴辉岩或者石榴子石辉石岩)变质矿物组合,记录的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均值为493±5Ma;第三类锆石呈他形晶或构成第二类锆石的薄边,亦为典型变质锆石,阴极发光为面状分带,锆石稀土总量较低,球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式中重稀土平坦,具有Eu的异常,锆石包裹体矿物组合为Grt+Cpx+Pl+Amp+Q,应代表退变质矿物组合,记录的206Pb/238U加权平均值为448±4Ma。该斜长角闪岩的原岩年龄(774±13Ma)、峰期变质年龄(493±5Ma)和后期退变质年龄(448±4Ma)与北秦岭已厘定的高压-超高压岩石的原岩年龄、峰期变质和退变质年龄非常吻合,说明该岩石可能是北秦岭高压-超高压变质岩带的一部分。据此,并结合清油河斜长角闪岩中发现残存金刚石的研究成果,可以推测现今秦岭杂岩中出露的一些低级变质相岩石峰期也可能经历了高压-超高压变质,只是由于后期强烈的退变质作用的改造而难于识别和辨认,北秦岭高压-超高压岩石的分布可能远比目前观察到的丰富。此外,本次研究还显示清油河斜长角闪岩原岩具有大陆拉斑玄武岩特征,是陆壳岩石的一部分。这些资料为进一步论证北秦岭早古生代高压-超高压岩石(包括榴辉岩、长英质片麻岩、石榴子石辉岩、榴闪岩和部分斜长角闪岩等)是陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用的产物提供了新的证据。     

Elastic properties, fabric and seismic anisotropy of amphibolites and their contribution to the lower crust reflectivity

In this paper the elastic properties of amphibolites from the Serie dei Laghi and the Ivrea zone (Southern Alps, N-Italy) were investigated as a function of their mineralogical composition, microfabric and density.Three orthogonal cores were cut parallel and normal to foliation and lineation; from those, bulk and grain density were measured and the interconnected porosity was calculated. Bulk density varies from 2.75 to 3.07 g/cm³ and calculated porosity ranges from 0.02 to 0.88%.The same cores were also used to measure seismic velocity of ultrasonic waves at room temperature and at increasing confining pressure up to 300 MPa. At high pressure the matrix properties are separated from the crack-induced properties. P-wave velocity varies with respect to the direction of propagation: the slowest direction is always normal to foliation and the fastest parallel to the mineral lineation. The mineral lineation is typically defined by the elongation of amphibole crystals, in which the fastest Vp direction is parallel to the c axis, that is also the elongation axis. The Vp ranges between 6.76 and 7.54 km/s in the direction parallel to lineation and between 6.32 and 7.06 km/s in the direction normal to foliation. This defines a Vp anisotropy of up to 14%, whose shape varies from orthorhombic to axially symmetric (either prolate or flattened). It was observed that both Vp and Vp anisotropy increase with the amount of amphibole and decrease with the amount of plagioclase. Moreover, the c axis distribution of amphiboles is responsible of the Vp anisotropy intensity and shape, in agreement with observations from previous studies. The seismic properties calculated with the approach of Mainprice (1990), using the fabric data, the elastic constants and the modal composition, gave results in good agreement with the measurements.Exposed rocks in the Ivrea and Serie dei Laghi zones show that amphibolites are interlayered with metapelites on a scale from 1 to 100 m. Because of the very large acoustic impedance contrast (20.34 ± 1.75 for amphibolites, 17.16 ± 0.4 for metapelites), they represent a very reflective portion in the middle-lower crust.     

Metamorphic carbonate–mafic amphibolite interactions from Arinteiro,northwest Spain

Some contacts between interlayered marbles and amphibolites at the Arinteiro copper mine are associated with zoned metasomatic calc-silicate assemblages. Textures indicate that formation of the calc-silicate zones involved mass transfer over distances up to 15 cm and that pore fluid solution (infiltration) may have been a significant reaction mechanism. The sequence of minerals is very similar to previously described products of metasomatic interactions between marbles and pelites. Similar metasomatic processes involving primary concentrations of carbonates can be invoked to explain the common occurrence of zoned calc-silicate patches and folia in metaigneous amphibolites both near Arinteiro and in other terrains.     

冀东杏山BIF铁矿形成时代及成因探讨

杏山BIF型铁矿位于冀东曹庄一带,矿体赋存于太古界三屯营组变质岩系中。矿石多为条纹-条带状构造,其围岩和夹层以斜长角闪岩为主,兼具少量黑云石英片岩和黑云钾长片麻岩。对BIF铁矿进行的地球化学分析表明,条带状铁矿石富集重稀土((La/Yb)*PAAS平均0.46),Eu正异常(Eu/Eu*PAAS平均2.19)、La正异常(La/LaPAAS平均2.14)和Y的正异常(Y/Y*PAAS平均1.85)明显,加之高的Y/Ho值(平均46.81),说明成矿物质来源于海底高温热液与周围海水的混合溶液;无Ce的负异常说明BIF形成于低氧逸度环境;BIF显示较低的Al2O3和TiO 2含量,且二者缺乏相关性,说明在BIF沉淀过程中几乎没有陆源碎屑物的加入。对矿体围岩斜长角闪岩、黑云石英片岩及黑云钾长片麻岩的原岩恢复,表明斜长角闪岩的原岩为玄武岩-安山质玄武岩,黑云石英片岩及黑云钾长片麻岩的原岩可能为泥质碎屑岩。元素地球化学分析表明,黑云钾长片麻岩具有较低的总稀土含量(59.46×10-6~66.99×10-6)、不明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.77~0.91)、略微的Th和U富集、无Nb和Ta的亏损;而黑云石英片岩具有较高的稀土总量(168.7×10-6~171.0×10-6)、强烈的轻稀土富集((La/Yb)N=6.81~7.07)和较弱的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.64~0.68),两者不一致的地球化学特征说明他们具有不同的物质来源。斜长角闪岩与N-MORB具有相似的特征,如富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损Th和U、Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr和Hf等无明显亏损。综合分析表明斜长角闪岩的母岩浆来源于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩30%的部分熔融,且其母岩浆在分异结晶过程中可能受到陆壳物质的混染。对矿体夹层斜长角闪岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,结果表明其原岩形成于2859±22Ma至2491±13Ma之间,最有可能形成于新太古代晚期,这间接约束了杏山BIF型铁矿的形成时代,暗示着迁西岩群主体可能仍形成于新太古代晚期。而2859±22Ma的捕掳锆石年龄反映杏山-曹庄地区可能存在有中太古代表壳岩。     

甘肃金塔南山斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

金塔南山岩带是华北克拉通和塔里木克拉通的分界线。岩带由前寒武纪变质岩系所组成,不同类型的变质地质体之间以逆冲型韧性剪切带接触,主要变质岩斜长角闪岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为745±59Ma,原岩为玄武岩。Nb/Y<0.7、REE特征及AFM图解显示原岩为拉斑系列和钙碱性系列。稀土元素配分型式为平坦型到富集;相对于N-MORB,低Ti,富集LILE,亏损HFSE,Nb、Ta、Ti表现为明显的负异常(钙碱性系列)到无异常(拉斑系列),Th/Ta>3;I_(Nd)(t)=0.51193±6,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.512878,ξ_(Nd)(t)=+3.88～6.60,均值为5.05,推测斜长角闪岩原岩应为不同程度部分熔融的弧岩浆作用的产物,提示金塔南山岩带是新元古代中期华北克拉通与塔里木克拉通之间的古大洋俯冲消减的结果。