中国东北地区远震P波走时层析成像研究

利用中国东北流动和固定台网的234个宽频带地震仪记录的远震波形数据,采用波形相关方法拾取了57251个有效相对走时残差数据,进一步采用FMTT(Fast Marching Teleseismic Tomography)层析成像的方法,反演获取了研究区下方深达800 km的P波速度结构.结果显示:在长白山下方发现有一个高速异常结构,这可能就是俯冲到欧亚大陆板块下方的太平洋板块,由于板块的部分下沉,使得板块的形状并没有呈现出明显的板片状.长白山、阿尔山、五大连池火山下方都有低速异常体,长白山和阿尔山下的低速异常向下延伸至地幔转换带,可能与其上部的火山形成有关.五大连池火山下方的低速异常向下延伸至200 km左右,不同埋深的低速异常结构可能意味着五大连池与长白山和阿尔山有着不同的成因.松辽盆地呈现以高速异常为主导高低速异常混合分布的特性,暗示松辽盆地可能有岩石圈拆沉的过程,盆地南部下方的低速异常与长白山和阿尔山下的低速异常有连通性,可能是下地幔热物质上涌的一个通道.     

阿尔山地区积雪变化特征

选取阿尔山气象站1981—2015年冷季(10月—次年4月)气象资料,利用滑动平均、线性倾向估计和Mann-Kendall等方法,对年最大积雪深度、积雪日数、气温和降水量进行分析。结果表明,阿尔山地区年最大积雪深度主要发生在1月至3月,其中2月份概率最大,达50%;34 a内最大积雪深度呈上升趋势(2.77 cm/10a),年平均增加0.98%,且年最大积雪深度在1998年发生了突变,即在1998年之前增长缓慢,在2000年以后上升趋势显著。积雪日数的统计分析表明,初始积雪日数和有效积雪日数呈现略微减少趋势,而稳定积雪日数有微弱的增加趋势;通常初始积雪日数比有效积雪日数大30天左右。年最大积雪深度与稳定积雪时期的降水量、积雪日数、日照时数有显著的相关性,相关系数分别为0.647、0.515、0.584,但与稳定积雪时期的气温没有明显的相关性。在全球变暖的大环境下,积雪深度随着降水量和日照时数的增加而增加,且积雪深度受降水量的影响大于日照时数的影响。     

内蒙古阿尔山地区中生代A型花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

在岩石学研究的基础上,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学方法,研究了阿尔山地区不同时代花岗岩体的成因和构造意义。研究表明,三广山中粒碱长花岗岩形成于印支期(228.5±3.0Ma);南兴安似斑状碱长花岗岩形成于燕山期(141.7±2.6Ma),捕获锆石年龄为1847±21Ma,反映该区可能具有前寒武纪结晶基底。两岩体岩石化学以富Si、高K、低Mg、贫Ca为特点,A/CNK值为1.00~1.05;富集高场强元素和轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,稀土元素配分模式为典型的右倾海鸥型。岩相学和地球化学特征显示,三广山和南兴安花岗岩均为A型花岗岩。其中,三广山花岗岩为A2型花岗岩,南兴安花岗岩为A1型花岗岩。全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成(εNd(t)值为2.26~5.58)表明,阿尔山地区花岗岩的源区可能为显生宙—新元古代期间从亏损地幔中新增生的地壳物质,但南兴安和三广山2个岩体的形成机制不同。三广山A2型花岗岩可能是古亚洲洋在三叠纪闭合后进入造山后阶段岩石圈伸展体制下的产物,而南兴安A1型花岗岩可能形成于早白垩世大兴安岭地区板内伸展作用下的拉张减薄环境。     

中蒙边境阿尔山地区钼多金属矿的主要类型及找矿方向

阿尔山地区处于中蒙边境南戈壁-阿尔山-多宝山钼多金属成矿带上,具有良好的找矿前景。但由于区内工作程度低,多年来找矿一直没有很大突破。笔者结合1:50000矿调工作,按成因类型把区内钼多金属矿划分成3种,并重点对斑岩型钼多金属矿进行详细介绍并与蒙古国南戈壁、黑龙江多宝山类似矿床进行了对比研究,同时重点对区内斑岩型钼多金属矿的成矿地质条件及找矿方向进行了研究。文章通过深入研究后认为本区可能具有找到大型斑岩型钼多金属矿的潜力,其它2种类型的钼多金属矿可能具有找到中小型钼多金属矿的潜力。总之,阿尔山地区具有良好的找矿前景。     

内蒙古阿尔山地区下寒武统苏中组混合沉积特征及形成环境研究

以内蒙古阿尔山地区下寒武统苏中组为研究对象,综合区域地层、岩石结构、剖面特征、粒度分布特征,对苏中组碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩的沉积环境进行了深入分析.从粒度分布特征来看,苏中组砂岩粒度分布表现出双峰和多峰不对称,偏度以正偏为主,峰度数值多且比较低,分选性差,以粗粒物质为主等特征;运用萨胡图解投点、判别函数计算确定内蒙古阿尔山地...     

二连盆地白音查干凹陷下白垩统阿尔善组-都红木组层序地层

层序地层学是岩性-地层油气藏勘探研究的核心技术之一。为深入开展二连盆地白音查干凹陷岩性-地层油气藏勘探,在前人研究成果基础上,通过研究区200多口井的精细地层对比和33口井759.42 m岩心的详细观察及区域构造-沉积演化分析,综合运用构造、古生物、岩性、测井以及地震反射等5个方面的特征,对白音查干凹陷(主要是西部次凹)油气勘探的主要目的层下白垩统阿尔善组—都红木组的层序发育特征进行再认识,对层序界面的性质进行重新厘定。将白音查干凹陷下白垩统阿尔善组—都红木组划分为2个超长期层序(分别对应于阿尔善组—腾格尔组和都红木组)和5个长期层序(分别对应于阿尔善组一段、阿尔善组二段、腾格尔组、都红木组一段和都红木组二段~三段);提出白音查干凹陷下白垩统腾格尔组长期层序的底界面为一连续沉积的整合面,不能构成油气运移的良好通道,即在腾格尔组底部即使圈闭条件良好(如锡40井—锡43井区),但也会因缺乏良好的油气运移通道致使圈闭中供油不足而不能成藏。     

DEEP “ARCH-BRIDGE” MAGMATIC SYSTEM OF THE AERSHAN VOLCANIC GROUP AND ITS STABILITY ANALYSIS

The Aershan volcanic group has been active since the Pleistocene to the modern and has potential to erupt, so it is of great significance to strengthen the study on the Aershan volcano group and evaluate its activity. The magmatism is characterized by low resistivity in electrical properties. The electrical structure obtained by magnetotelluric sounding can be used to study the magmatic occurrence and volcanic activity. It is an effective method to detect the deep structure of volcanic area. Based on the magnetotelluric sounding data of the Aershan volcanic group, the two-dimensional nonlinear conjugate gradient inversion is obtained after the normalization of the data and the two-dimensional electrical structure of the Aershan volcanic group is obtained. It is found that there is a large-scale "arch-bridge" low-resistivity anomaly (resistivity less than 320Ω·m) and there are obvious high-conductivity anomalies (resistivity less than 40Ω·m) respectively on the west of the town of Ershi and the east of Chaihe town, the former is relatively small in sizes, buried at the depth of 40~60km, and the size of the latter is larger, buried at the depth of 60~90km, or even deeper. Combined with geological and geochemical data, it is inferred that the "arch bridge" anomaly is the channel of the basaltic magma transport from the epithermal basins on its both sides. The two high-conductivity anomalies it contains are probably the uncondensed or gathering magma chamber, so the Aershan magma system consists of "arch bridge" channel and asthenosphere-derived basaltic magma, the volcanic group has a unified magmatic system. Further analysis shows that the melting percentage of the "arch bridge" channel material is not less than 0.5%, and the lithosphere structure tends to be stable. The melting degree of the two magma chambers it contains is 2.5%~11.5%, and the grain boundary may all be wetted by the melt, rock flow intensity is relatively low, lithosphere structural stability is poor. In addition, the regional seismic distribution and the formation of hot springs also have a certain correlation to the Aershan volcanic group magma system. There are indications that the Aershan volcano group is in dormancy, rather than an extinct volcano, there is the possibility of eruption, so it should be closely monitored.     

内蒙古阿尔山侏罗纪火山沉积盆地地质特征及 地球化学异常

通过内蒙古阿尔山地区1∶5万区域矿产调查工作,研究了晚侏罗世火山沉积盆地的特征,及其与土壤地球化学异常的关系,认为侏罗纪火山沉积盆地、NE向断裂共同控制成矿元素富集及异常的分布。对阿尔山银江沟上侏罗统白音高老组实测剖面进行岩石光谱分析统计得出,盆地内Au、Cu、Zn、W、Mo、As、Sb、Hg、Mn、Ni含量均低于大陆岩石地层的克拉克值;Ag含量与大陆岩石地层的克拉克值相近;Sn、Bi、Pb含量高于大陆岩石地层克拉克值,其中Pb的含量是大陆岩石地层克拉克值的8倍,个别层位达到146倍。根据火山岩相、控矿构造和地球化学异常等特点,综合认为阿尔山侏罗纪火山沉积盆地具有Pb、Zn、W、Mo、Cu富集成矿的潜力,是重要的找矿目标区。     

内蒙古阿尔山地区新生代玄武岩及其幔源包体微量元素组成特征

内蒙古阿尔山地区新生代火山活动频繁,喷发期次可划分为上新世、更新世、全新世,最新喷发时间约为1 900 a B P,具有再次喷发的可能。为了探讨活火山源区地幔流体的分布特征,利用中子活化分析和同步辐射X射线荧光微探针分析技术,对阿尔山地区全新世玄武岩及其幔源包体的稀土、微量元素组成特征、地幔包体矿物及其熔融包裹体的微量元素组成特征进行了分析。中子活化分析结果表明,不同产地玄武岩具有相同的稀土配分模式,其中,Σ8REE=96.93~114.94,Eu/Sm=0.32~0.37,(L a/Lu)N=8.89~12.52;不相容元素蛛网曲线整体右倾,B a,T a,Sm具正异常,T h,Z r具负异常,没有明显的S r异常,说明岩浆上升过程中很少演化和分离结晶;不同产地地幔岩包体中不含包裹体的同类矿物的REE组成相近,反映了不同活火山的地幔源区REE组成特征相同;不同产地地幔岩包体同类矿物及其内部包裹体同步辐射X射线荧光微探针分析表明具有相同的微量元素曲线分布形态;这些特征说明阿尔山活火山群分布区地幔流体不存在显著的不均一性。     

Early Cretaceous A-type granites and Mo mineralization,Aershan area,eastern Inner Mongolia,Northeast China: geochemical and isotopic constraints

The Jiazishan porphyry-type molybdenum deposit is located in the eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China. Mineralization occurs mainly as veins, lenses, and layers within the host porphyry. To better understand the link between mineralization and host igneous rocks, we studied samples from underground workings and report new SHRIMP II zircon U–Pb and Re–Os molybdenite ages, and geochemical data from both the molybdenites and the porphyry granites. Seven molybdenite samples yield a Re–Os isochron weighted mean age of 135.4 ± 2.1 Ma, whereas the porphyry granite samples yield crystallization ages of 139 ± 1.5 Ma (Jiazishan deposit) and 133 ± 1 Ma (Taolaituo deposit). The U–Pb and Re–Os ages are similar, suggesting that the mineralization is genetically related to Early Cretaceous porphyry emplacement. Re contents of the molybdenite range from 21.74 ppm to 52.08 ppm, with an average of 35.92 ppm, whereas δ³⁴ S values of the sulphide vary from 1.3‰ to 4.2‰. The ores have ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.178–18.385, 15.503–15.613, and 37.979–38.382, respectively. We also obtained a weighted mean U–Pb zircon age of 294.2 ± 2.1 Ma for the oldest granite in Jiazishan area. All granites are A-type granites. These observations indicate that the molybdenites and the porphyry granites were derived from a mixed source involving young accretionary materials and enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. A synthesis of geochronological and geological data reveals that porphyry emplacement and Mo mineralization in the Jiazishan deposit occurred contemporaneously with Early Cretaceous tectonothermal events associated with lithospheric thinning, which was caused by delamination and subsequent upwelling of the asthenosphere associated with intra-continental extension in Northeast China.