基于网络分析法的滑坡灾害风险区划研究及工程应用

本文介绍了网络分析法基本原理及计算方法,并采用其模型原理,对构成滑坡灾害的地层岩性、坡度、坡向、植被覆盖、河网缓冲、高程等多个评价因子进行了分析和叠合评价。通过分析专家评定所需滑坡评价因子间复杂的关系,得到了庐山风景区滑坡灾害风险等级图,且评价结果与该区调查滑坡资料的分布情况吻合,为滑坡预警和滑坡治理提供了科学依据。     

Exploring multi-criteria decision strategies in GIS with linguistic quantifiers: an extension of the analytical network process using ordered weighted averaging operators

Many real-world spatial planning and management problems give rise to a geographical information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria decision-making. Analytical network process (ANP) provides a comprehensive methodology for representing complex multi-criteria decision-making problems as a network of criteria and alternatives, where feedback and interdependence relationships may exist within and between all the criteria and alternatives. Experts’ experiences are used to estimate relative magnitudes of tangible and intangible factors through paired comparisons in order to make rational and consistent decisions. However, the GIS-based ANP, an adoption of weighted linear aggregation rule, typically employed a high trade-off decision strategy and neglected other decision strategies. This paper develops a novel GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) procedure by extending the ANP using fuzzy quantifiers-guided ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. This extension, which generalizes the aggregation process used in the ANP, would provide a generic powerful decision-making tool that allows decision-makers to define a decision strategy on a continuum between pessimistic (risk-averse) and optimistic (risk-taking) strategies. By changing the linguistic quantifiers, the GIS-based ANP–OWA can generate a wide range of decision strategies taking into accounts the level of risk the decision-makers wish to assume in their MCE. A land-use suitability analysis in a region of Saudi Arabia is presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed procedure.     

基于ANP-KL-TOPSIS法的铁路隧道围岩安全性评价

为客观评价隧道围岩安全状态,结合围岩岩体结构及地质特征等影响因素,建立隧道围岩安全评价指标体系。用ANP法应用Super Decision软件建立指标因素关联图并计算出各指标权重。在传统TOPSIS法的基础上结合相对熵原理,用Kull-back-Leibler距离计算贴近度,构建隧道围岩安全评价模型。运用该模型对张吉怀铁路兰新乡隧道进口段七处隧道段的围岩进行安全性评价,得出各隧道段围岩安全等级,评价结果切合实际,对隧道施工有一定的指导意义。该评价模型简单可操作,可运用于隧道围岩安全性评价研究中。     

Analytic network process model for landslide hazard zonation

Various controlling factors such as lithology, slope angle, slope aspect, landuse, channel proximity etc. are generally considered for the landslide hazard assessment. Although outer dependence of these parameters to a landslide is inevitably taken into account, inter-dependence among the factors is seldom addressed. Analytic Network Process (ANP) is the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) tool which takes into account such a complex relationship among parameters. In this research, an ANP model for landslide susceptibility is proposed, priority weights for each parameter controlling the landslide were determined, and a hazard map was prepared of an area in a fragile mountainous terrain in the eastern part of Nepal. The data used in the example were derived from published sources, aerial photographs and a topographic map. However, the procedures developed can readily incorporate additional information from more detailed investigations.     

Choosing a municipal landfill site by analytic network process

In this study, analytic network process (ANP), one of the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) tools has been used to choose one of the four alternative landfill sites for the city of Eskisehir, Turkey. For this purpose, Super Decision Software has been used and benefit opportunity cost and risk (BOCR) analysis has been done to apply ANP. In BOCR analysis, each alternative site has been evaluated in terms of its benefits, costs and risks; the opportunity cluster has been examined under the benefit cluster. In this context, technical, economical and social assessments have been done for the site selection of sanitary landfill. Also, results have been compared with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) which is another MCDM technique used in the study conducted before. Finally, the current site has been determined as the most appropriate site in both methods. These methods have not been commonly used in the discipline of environmental engineering but it is believed to be an important contribution for decision makers.     

Spatially-explicit sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in a MCDA-based flood vulnerability model

This study presents a methodology for conducting sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of a GIS-based multi-criteria model used to assess flood vulnerability in a case study in Brazil. The paper explores the robustness of model outcomes against slight changes in criteria weights. One criterion was varied at-a-time, while others were fixed to their baseline values. An algorithm was developed using Python and a geospatial data abstraction library to automate the variation of weights, implement the ANP (analytic network process) tool, reclassify the raster results, compute the class switches, and generate an uncertainty surface. Results helped to identify highly vulnerable areas that are burdened by high uncertainty and to investigate which criteria contribute to this uncertainty. Overall, the criteria ‘houses with improper building material’ and ‘evacuation drills and training’ are the most sensitive ones, thus, requiring more accurate measurements. The sensitivity of these criteria is explained by their weights in the base run, their spatial distribution, and the spatial resolution. These findings can support decision makers to characterize, report, and mitigate uncertainty in vulnerability assessment. The case study results demonstrate that the developed approach is simple, flexible, transparent, and may be applied to other complex spatial problems.