中国及邻区地震的天文潮汐触发特征研究—附加潮汐应力对发震断层的作用模式及其应用

本文在潮汐应力、构造应力、地震断层和岩石破裂滑动理论的基础上，建立了潮汐应力对地震断层作用的力学模式，该模式将潮汐应力与地震应力作用相结合，描述了沿地震主压应力和地震主张应务方向的附加潮汐应力对发震断层的力学作用方式，从而切入潮汐应力触发地震的物理机制，认为潮汐对地震的触发作用在实质上归结为潮汐应力对地震断层的促滑作用，这种促滑作用分增压型和减压型。在此模式基础上，对中国大陆及邻区的不同类型地震的潮汐触发性进行了研究，内容包括：计算了中国及邻区一千多个地震震源处沿主压应力P轴和主张应力T轴方向的附加潮汐应力分量，分析了这些量对发震断层的作用方式，按纬度区域统计了受到潮汐应力促滑作用的发震断层类型以及它们与潮汐应力作用方式的关系，得到了如下结论：受到潮汐应力促滑作用的发震断层的比例随区域纬度增加有减小趋势，其中，走滑型断层的比例在低纬区较大，而倾滑斜型断层的比例在中高纬度区较大；对整个统计区域而言，受增压型潮汐应力促滑作用的发震断层数比例大于受减压型潮汐应力促滑作用的发震断层；对不同的纬度区域，不同的潮汐应力作用方式与之促滑的发震断层类型也有不同的分布特征。最后，本文将中国及邻区受到潮汐触发作用的地震按构造应力区域划分，计算了这些地震发震时刻的日月位置参数，得到了各构造区域上具有潮汐触发物理机制的地震发震时的日、月位置参数分布图象。     

The Geologic Time Scale and the Italian stratigraphic record

The construction of the Geologic Time Scale (GTS) is a titanic scientific challenge that has been under way for two centuries and will require much dedicated effort in the future. Italy preserves a paramount stratigraphic record of Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine sediments that have been significant in the development of the modern GTS. The Italian stratigraphic record has been histori-cally important in introducing and defining the standard Chronostratigraphic Units (CUs) of the Neogene and Quaternary. Pelagic successions from Northern Apen-nines and Southern Alps have been used in the seventies for integrating the late Cretaceous-Paleogene Geomag-netic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) with planktonic microfossil biostratieraohv and standard CUs. This was a major contribution to the construction of a new gener-ation of GTS based on integrated magnetobiochronol-ogy. The middle Miocene to early Pleistocene marinerecord from Sicily and southern Italy has been funda-mental for establishing the recently developed Astro-nomical Time Scale (ATS). In prospect, there are many potentials still to be exploited in the Italian marine stratigraphic record for implementing the GTS by defin-ing GSSPs of various CUs, improving magneto-biochronology and extending downwards the ATS.     

基于RDBMS的积件技术的应用研究

积件技术是教学软件发展的方向，探讨了用Power Builder前台结合SQL Server关系数据库后台进行多媒体教学积件管理的应用模式，并结合具体教学示例，进行了分析说明。     

Sedimentary characteristics of tide-dominated estuary in Donghetang Formation（Upper Devonian）, central Tarim Basin

The Donghetang Formation （Upper Devonian） in central Tarim Basin has been thought an important oil and gas reservoir since the abundant oil and gas resources were found in the wells W16, W20, W34, and other fields. However, the sedimentary environment of the Donghetang Formation has been disputed because it suffered from both tidal and fluvial actions and there were not rich fossils in the sandstone. After the authors analyzed sedimentary features by means of drill cores, well logging data, paleosols, and with SEM obseruations, three kinds of sedimentary environments were distinguished： alluvial fan, tide-dominated estuary, and shelf. Particularly, the sedimentary features of tide-dominated estuary were studied in detail. Besides, the authors discussed sedimentary characteristics of the Donghetang Formation which was divided into two fourth-order sequences and five system tracts. At the same time, according to the forming process of five system tracts, the whole vertical evolution and lateral transition of tide-dominated estuary were illustrated clearly. Finally, the reservoir quality was evaluated based on porosity and permeability.     

松辽盆地中生代沉积基准面变化研究

利用地质资料研究来恢复沉积基准面变化。首先根据沉积物的分布规律、沉积构造、古生物组合及古生态、自生矿物和波基面等特征来获得古水深,然后利用对地层做脱水压实校正获得沉积物原始厚度。对湖盆地区古水深和沉积物原始厚度累加起来就可得到沉积基准面变化曲线。沉积基准面变化曲线为在松辽盆地中进行地层对比提供了依据。     

同震阶变异常的特征与机制分析

本文对徐州地震台JB—72水平摆倾斜仪1988年11月至1989年5月间所记录到的24次同震阶变进行了深入分析,认为:a.造成同震阶变的原因是多方面的,而反应了地球应变场准静态调整的同震阶变才是有价值的价变异常;b.多观测手段的地震台站,同震阶变应该在不止一台仪器上得到响应。