正压浅海湍流运动的雷诺应力封闭模型

根据湍流封闭理论,建立一种适用于正压浅海湍流运动的雷诺应力封闭模型(RSM),以代替目前三维浅海动力学模型中普遍采用的湍粘性系数的传统假设。通过直接建立并模化f—平面上正压海洋的雷诺应力传输方程,分别得到的微分形式和代数形式的RSM方程组。并讨论了进行数值计算所需要的边界条件。利用该模型可以进一步研究浅海潮流、风暴潮流及风海流等浅海流动的三维结构和湍流特性。     

天然感潮河道水流紊动特性分析

采用多谱勒三相流速仪，在长江口徐六泾水文观测断面分别进行了涨潮、落潮时中泓与近岸垂线的流速观测，根据这些观测资料，对天然感潮河段潮流紊动的周期、频率、概率密度函数等进行了定量的数学描述，并对时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力等沿垂线分布进行了分析计算。     

韶关市龙归河治理存在的工程地质问题及治理措施探讨

根据广东省水利厅粤水规计〔2015〕8号《广东省水利厅关于印发广东省山区五市中小河流治理实施方案的通知》及《广东省山区五市中小河流治理实施方案》,全省加强化中小河流治理。本文根据龙归河存在的工程地质问题,重点从堤基、岸坡两方面探讨,提出一些解决中小河流治理的措施。     

Hydraulic parameters in channels with wall vegetation and gravel bed

In this experimental study,field observations and laboratory experiments have been carried out to assess the impacts of the vegetated channel walls and aspect ratio on flow velocity profiles,shear stress distribution and roughness coefficient of channel.Results show that the presence of vegetation cover on channel wall causes deviation of the Reynolds stress distribution from the linear one under uniform flow condition.It is also noticed that the Reynolds stress distribution is influenced by the aspect rati...     

平板间湍流流动影响因素的研究

流动状态变化直接影响着设备的功耗和性能,为了研究湍流流动状态的产生和变化情况,以优化设备性能。采用蒙特卡洛直接模拟方法计算了Knudsen数以及平板间距离变化时,平板间流体湍流流动变化。采用变径软球模型计算模拟分子之间的双体碰撞,计算分子与壁面之间的相互作用时,引入比例系数对镜面反射、漫反射后速度进行比例合成,计算反射后速度。计算了Knudsen数、平板间距离不同情况下平板间流体雷诺应力、湍流度等的变化情况,分析了平板间流体湍流脉动的变化。     

Vertical 2D Modeling of Free Surface Flow with Hydrodynamic Pressure Using SIMPLE Arithmetic in σ Coordinates

A numerical model for shallow water flow has been developed based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the hydrodynamic pressure instead of hydrostatic pressure assumption. The equations arc transformed into the a-coordinate system and the eddy viscosity is calculated with the standard k -ε turbulence model. The control volume method is used to discrete the equations, and the boundary conditions at the bed for shallow water models only include vertical diffusion terms expressed with wall functions. And the semi-implicit methed for pressure linked equation arithmetic is adopted to solve the equations. The model is applied to the 2D vertical plane flow of a current over two steep-sided trenches for which experiment data are available for comparison and good agreement is obtained. And the model is used to predicting the flow in a channel with a steep-sided submerged breakwater at the bottom, and the streamline is drawn.     

近底层潮流速分布模式比较

考虑到潮流运动的非恒定性和非线性特征,基于潮流雷诺应力分布式,应用Prandtl混合长度和von Karman自相似理论,并结合潮流运动方程,推导了近底层潮流速垂向分布的双对数模式.然后,将该分布模式应用于英国大陆南部西Solent水道和江苏岸外西洋海域流速的实测资料,并与对数线性分布的计算成果相比较,获得了比较满意的结果.最后,对几种分布模式进行了讨论和比较,结果表明:在近岸水域采用对数或对数线性流速分布模式计算摩阻流速和粗糙高度往往会带来较大的偏差,双对数模式能使计算的结果更为合理.     

Vertical Distribution of Tidal Flow Reynolds Stress in Shallow Sea

Based on the results of the tidal flow Reynolds stresses of the field observations,indoor experiments,and numerical models,the parabolic distribution of the tidal flow Reynolds stress is proposed and its coefficients are determined theoretically in this paper.Having been well verified with the field data and experimental data,the proposed distribution of Reynolds stress is also compared with numerical model results,and a good agreement is obtained,showing that this distribution can well reflect the basic features of Reynolds stress deviating from the linear distribution that is downward when the tidal flow is of acceleration,upward when the tidal flow is of deceleration.Its dynamics cause is also discussed preliminarily and the influence of the water depth is pointed out from the definition of Reynolds stress,turbulent generation,transmission,and so on.The established expression for the vertical distribution of the tidal flow Reynolds stress is not only simple and explicit,but can also well reflect the features of the tidal flow acceleration and deceleration for further study on the velocity profile of tidal flow.     

横向沙丘表面气流湍流特征野外观测

沙丘形态动力学特征是风沙地貌的重要研究内容之一,受观测技术等的限制,现有的关于沙丘形态动力学特征的研究成果还不能满足沙丘形成与演化过程研究的需要。利用三维超声风速仪对腾格里沙漠的横向沙丘表面气流特征进行野外观测,结果表明,沙丘脊线和迎风坡中部的气流均为未偏向流,而沙丘背风坡不同高度的气流包括反向流,偏向流和未偏向流。湍流强度、雷诺应力和气流丰富度随气流方向变化而变化,其在沙丘脊线和中部的变化趋势比较简单且有大致相似的规律,而其在沙丘背风坡不同高度比较复杂。     

柔性沉水植物生长对含沙水流紊动特性的影响

采用装饰塑料树在实验水槽中模拟柔性沉水植物,在一定水力条件下,探讨了柔性沉水植物生长对含沙水流紊动特性和悬移质含量分布规律的影响。实验结果表明,柔性沉水植物带中含沙水流垂向流速分布不符合无植物时的半对数分布形式。柔性沉水植物带中含沙水流纵向、横向和垂向的紊动强度和雷诺应力呈各向异性,且其最大值和最大值的位置随柔性沉水植物高度的增加而增大。植物带中垂向悬移质含量随着柔性沉水植物高度的增加而降低,沿柔性沉水植物带水流方向悬移质含量逐渐降低。