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《地面气象观测规范》规定湿球温度表的溶冰观测是:当湿球纱布冻结后,应及时从室内带一杯蒸馏水对湿球纱布进行溶冰,待纱布变软后,在球下部2~3 mm处剪断,然后把湿球温度表下的水杯从百叶箱内取走,以防水杯冻裂。笔者下站检查业务工作,曾发现某站的气温是-1.1℃,但湿球纱布还未剪短。我们认为这样做是不对的,原因是当气温达0℃以下,湿球球部的纱布不一定结冰,但水杯内的水会结冰,从而使湿球纱布浸入水中的一部分也结冰,造成影响湿球纱布的正常吸水及湿球表面的蒸发和热量交换,常会形成水上部分纱布似冻非冻,导致湿球温度表示度不稳定,甚至失… 相似文献
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气象台站的百叶箱里面挂着构造完全相同的两支温度表:东边的一支用来测定气温,叫做“干球温度表”;西边的一支,球部缠上用蒸馏水湿润的纱布,称为“湿球温度表”。这两支温度表合起来可以测定空气湿度。 相似文献
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ZHU Xiaoqing 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(4):306-315
Experimental studies were undertaken on leaching of sedimentary rocks ( dolomite and sandstone) and Hg, Sb ores by distilled water under the condition of a completely open system (room temperature and room pressure). The aim is to find whether the halogen elements or metal elements first enter the solution at the early stage of meteoric waters converting to groundwaters and ore fluids, and, at the same time, to understand how and when they enter distilled water solutions from the rocks. The experimental resuhs have shown that F and Cl began to enter the fluids in the initial period of thirty days. With increasing leaching duration, the amounts of the elements that entered the fluids increased steadily. During the period from 120 days to 150 days the amounts increased more drastically, followed a slow increase. It is found that the capability of Cl entering the solutions is much greater than that of F. Hg and Sb were found not to have entered the solutions till 120 days later. During this period of time the pH value of the solutions began to drop. As for Hg and Sb ores, Hg and Sb began to enter the solutions on the 60th or 90th day, greatly ahead of schedule, but the two metallic elements in the rock samples began to enter the solutions 150 days later. Relatively speaking, Hg is more easily leached out than Sb from the rocks. In some rock samples, Sb could be detected in the solutions at the end of the experiment. However, Cu, Pb and Zn had not been detected in the leaching solutions from the beginning to the end of the experiment. In the whole leaching process the pH value of the solutions tend to decrease slowly from 7.1 at the beginning to 6.5 at the end. That is to say, in the interaction between pure water and rock the halogen elements in the rocks were preferentially leached out and then entered the fluids. With increasing water/rock reaction duration and amount of halogen-group elements in the solution and with decreasing pH value of the solution, some active metallic elements began to release in small amounts. This experimental result can explain the source and mechanism of volatile components and trace metals in underground waters. Meanwhile, as for those ore deposits produced by ore fluids derived from meteoric waters, the experimental result is also helpful to the understanding of the geochemical variation trend at the initial stage of conversion of meteoric waters to ore fluids. 相似文献
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矿泉水、纯净水、蒸馏水简称饮用水,目前我国瓶装饮用水已经由勘查、评价、建厂的第一阶段逐步发展到整顿、提高、开拓的第二阶段。据不完全统计,经过各方面近10年的努力,经地矿部正式审定的矿泉水水源地约达1300多处,全国已建成矿泉水厂500多家、纯净水厂100多家,年产量在70万吨左右,一个新的饮料行业已初具规模,为改变我国人民传统的饮料结构增添了新的品种。本文试图对饮用水的新领域提出若干探讨,抛砖引玉,以促进这一新饮料行业的更大发展。 相似文献
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本文通过氡射气性能的压力实验,氡射气分配系数实验和岩石的溶滤实验等,对地下水氡及其它地震地球化学前兆机理进行了探讨。实验表明:氡射气的最高值发生在岩石严重破裂时;岩石射气性能高低与其本身的铀含量成正比;岩石在压力作用下射出的氡气在水中的分配大于在气相中的分配;岩石在饱和CO_2水中和压力作用下的溶滤程度要比在纯蒸馏水中和常压下大得多。因此,地震前地下水氡浓度和水中离子组分和气体组分会出现异常变化,而这种变化既与应力作用有关,又与地球内部水-气-岩系统在地震孕育过程中的物理化学作用有关 相似文献
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