δ13c-δ18O Covariance:An Effective Indicator of Hydrological Closure for Lakes?

The correlation between the Δ13c and 18O in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance, total CO2 concentrations, climatic condition and lake productivity.The influence of these factors on the Δ13c-δ18 correlation may be different on different time scales. In this paper, two different-type lakes in southwestern China, Lake Erhal and Lake Chenghai, are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on the Δ13c-Δ18o correlation and to evaluate the reliability of the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure. The results show that there exists good correlation between the Δ13c and Δ18o in Lake Erhai (overflowing open lake) and inLake Chenghal (closed lake). This suggests that the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes, especially on short time scales. On the one hand, a hydrologically open lake may display covariant Δ13c and δ18 as a result of climatic influence. The particular alternate warm-dry and cold-wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of the Δ13c-δ18 covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghal. On the other hand, a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends between Δ13c and δ18 because of the buffering effect of high CO2 concentration on the Δ13c shift in hyper-alkaline lakes. We should be the buffering feeect of high CO2 concentration on the 13Cshift in hyper-alkaline lakes.We should be prudent when we use the covariance between 13C and 18O to judge the hydrological closure of lake.     

橄榄石t-△H-p参数在西藏罗布莎铬铁矿床成矿预测中的应用

讨论了罗布莎铬铁矿床橄榄石的热力学条件和Ｎｉ质量分数等待征，总结出与矿化有关的三个热力学参数：平衡温度（ｔ）、溶解热（△Ｈ）和密度（ｐ）。并且确定了其变化范围。探讨了该矿床的成因。研究结果表明，橄榄石的ｔ－△Ｈ－ｐ在铬铁矿成矿预测中作为矿物学标型参数来圈定矿体的远景区已基本上满足了勘探和开采的要求。     

基于Android平台的“天地图?陕西”街景地图研究与实现

街景地图作为一种新的地理信息成果表现方式,逐渐应用在多个领域,目前百度、腾讯等各大主流地图网站中都已提供了街景地图服务,“天地图?陕西”也集成了西安市街景地图。随着移动互联技术的发展,为了扩展“天地图?陕西”的成果形式,针对“天地图?陕西”移动端全景地图的应用需求,对移动端街景技术进行了研究,并研发了基于Android平台的“天地图?陕西”街景地图系统。     

LINKAGE BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND TWO TYPES OF El NI?O AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISMS

After compositing three representative ENSO indices,El Nio events have been divided into an eastern pattern(EP) and a central pattern(CP).By using EOF,correlation and composite analysis,the relationship and possible mechanisms between Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) and two types of El Nio were investigated.IOD events,originating from Indo-Pacific scale air-sea interaction,are composed of two modes,which are associated with EP and CP El Ni o respectively.The IOD mode related to EP El Nio events(named as IOD1) is strongest at the depth of 50 to 150 m along the equatorial Indian Ocean.Besides,it shows a quasi-symmetric distribution,stronger in the south of the Equator.The IOD mode associated with CP El Nio(named as IOD2) has strongest signal in tropical southern Indian Ocean surface.In terms of mechanisms,before EP El Nio peaks,anomalous Walker circulation produces strong anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean,resulting in upwelling in the east,decreasing sea temperature there;a couple of anomalous anticyclones(stronger in the south) form off the Equator where warm water accumulates,and thus the IOD1 occurs.When CP El Nio develops,anomalous Walker circulation is weaker and shifts its center to the west,therefore anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean is less strong.Besides,the anticyclone south of Sumatra strengthens,and the southerlies east of it bring cold water from higher latitudes and northerlies west of it bring warm water from lower latitudes to the 15° to 25°S zone.Meanwhile,there exists strong divergence in the east and convergence in the west part of tropical southern Indian Ocean,making sea temperature fall and rise separately.Therefore,IOD2 lies farther south.     

罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿床中刚玉的含Ti矿物包裹体特征

通过能谱和电子探针分析了西藏罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿石刚玉中的含钛合金和含钛氧化物包裹体特征,分析发现刚玉中含Ti合金矿物包裹体主要有Ti-N、Ti-B、Ti-C、Ti-Si-P和Ti-Si-Fe以及Ti-Al-Zr氧化物.Ti-N合金呈磨圆状、梅花状,粒度约17 μm×35 μm;Ti-B合金呈长柱状,10 μm×58 μm;Ti-C合金呈自形、他形,粒度约40 μm×50 μm;Ti-Si-P和Ti-Si-Fe合金成分不均一,呈一个熔融体包裹在刚玉中;Ti-Al-Zr氧化物成分纯净.结合铬铁矿石中发现大量的微粒金刚石和碳硅石等超高压异常地幔矿物,提出罗布莎铬铁矿石中的刚玉及其中的特殊矿物包裹体组合形成于高压环境的深部地幔.      

观测分析El Ni?o衰减早晚对南亚与青藏高原夏季降水和气温的影响

El Ni?o（厄尔尼诺）事件对东亚和南亚次年夏季降水影响及其机理已经得到充分研究,但其对夏季青藏高原降水是否有显著影响还不清楚。本研究根据1950年后El Ni?o事件次年衰减期演变速度,对比分析衰减早型与晚型El Ni?o事件对南亚季风区与青藏高原夏季（6～9月）季节平均和月平均气候影响差异。结果显示在衰减早型次年夏季热带太平洋海温转为La Ni?a（拉尼娜）型且持续发展,引起Walker环流上升支西移,印度洋和南亚季风区上升运动加强,同时激发异常西北太平洋反气旋（NWPAC）,阿拉伯海异常气旋和伊朗高原异常反气旋性环流响应,增加7～9月对流层偏南气流和印度洋水汽输送,导致南亚和高原西南侧降水偏多。衰减晚型次年6～8月热带太平洋El Ni?o型海温仍维持,印度洋暖异常海温显著,对应的印度洋和南亚季风区上升运动较弱,NWPAC西伸控制南亚季风区,阿拉伯海和中西亚分别呈现异常反气旋和气旋性环流,导致青藏高原西风加强,水汽输送减少,南亚北部和高原降水一致偏少。结果表明:（1）El Ni?o显著影响次年青藏高原西南部夏季季节和月平均降水与温度,是印度和高原西南部夏季降水显著相关的重要原因;（2）El Ni?o衰减快慢速度对南亚和青藏高原西南部夏季季节内降水的影响有着重要差异。     

藏南泽当地区大反向逆冲断层变形研究——以磁组构与EBSD组构分析为例

仁布-泽当逆冲断层是喜马拉雅大反向逆冲断层（GCT）在藏南地区的重要延伸部分,也是喜马拉雅造山带北部边界新生代最为活动的构造单元之一。新生代以来特提斯喜马拉雅的构造变形组构特征的研究对于深入理解碰撞造山带演化与高原隆升具有重要构造意义。本文综合GCT泽当-琼结段断层的宏观与微观变形特征,对断裂带石英脉、围岩中石英和云母矿物的电子背散射（EBSD）组构及断层两侧岩石磁组构（AMS）特征进行对比分析。结果表明对AMS主要贡献来自顺磁性云母、绿泥石等,磁化率各向异性椭球体以压扁状为主,磁面理与构造面理（劈理、断层面）基本重合,显示较强的构造变形磁组构特征;磁线理优选方向近南北向,且与观测北向逆冲断层方向一致,揭示剪切作用在变形过程中的持续作用。研究发现泽当地区GCT附近石英微观结构从围岩至断层区,石英至少呈现3种不同类型的微观变形机制：围岩区溶解蠕变、断裂带石英以膨凸重结晶和亚颗粒旋转重结晶作用为主。断裂带石英的c轴EBSD组构指示变形为低温（300~400℃）环境,其中黑云母的结晶学优选（CPO）与磁组构主轴优选方向存在高度的一致性,进一步证实了顺磁性矿物黑云母对AMS的主要贡献。综合研究表明泽当地区GCT的韧性变形是断层处在中上地壳韧性带的活动阶段变形的结果,也代表了特提斯喜马拉雅在碰撞、高原隆升期的变形主要特征。     

新特提斯洋晚白垩世演化特点:来自泽当共国日二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素证据

为加深对西藏泽当地区新特提斯洋演化的认识,对西藏泽当蛇绿混杂岩带内的共国日二长花岗岩进行了岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素及年代学等研究,研究显示:共国日二长花岗岩岩体规模小、岩性稳定,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(90.40±0.68)Ma,属晚白垩世;岩石地球化学具高硅、富铝、富钾、低钛和准铝质钙碱性花岗岩特征;轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,具明显的负Eu异常,微量元素表现为相对富集Rb、K、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,显著亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素;(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.705 708~0.706 284,(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i=0.512 689~0.512 716,ε_Nd(t)=2.00~2.51。以上特征表明,位于泽当蛇绿混杂岩带内的共国日二长花岗岩属于I型花岗岩,由正常岛弧岩浆形成,应为晚白垩世新特提斯洋向北俯冲形成的岛弧环境下俯冲带上部地壳部分熔融的产物,其不属于泽当蛇绿岩的组成部分,表明在90 Ma前泽当洋内弧已经消失。     

冈底斯南缘泽当地区林子宗群典中组火山岩年代学及地球化学特征

林子宗群是青藏高原南部的一次重大构造岩浆事件,记录了印度板块和欧亚大陆碰撞造山的关键信息;文章对冈底斯南缘泽当地区典中组火山岩年代学及地球化学特征进行了研究。典中组底部安山质凝灰岩LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为65. 79±0. 55 Ma,形成时代属于古新世,可代表泽当地区典中组火山岩成岩年龄。该区典中组火山岩具有贫碱、贫镁、过铝质特征,属于过铝钙碱性系列;轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,具弱Eu负异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr),亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素;地球化学研究表明,本区典中组火山岩形成于俯冲造山的构造环境,岩浆源区主要来源于地幔组分,具有岛弧或陆缘弧特点。     

藏南罗布莎蛇绿岩成因:壳层熔岩的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素制约

罗布莎蛇绿岩是雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带东段出露较好,也是研究程度较高的(蛇绿岩片之一,其壳层熔岩的S r,N d,Pb同位素组成具有较高的ISr值,较低的IN d值,大的Nεd(t)值和富集放射性成因铅的特征。ISr值偏高可能是存在富集型地幔源区和蛇绿岩形成过程中经受了地幔流体的交代作用引起的。N d同位素及S r-N d同位素图解表明罗布莎蛇绿岩壳层玄武岩源区有N-M ORB的特征,又有EMⅡ型富集地幔组分的贡献。Pb-Pb图解上样品均投影在NHRL上方,ΔS r为47.4~73.0(平均为58.4),Δ7/4Pb为0.69~12.20(平均为5.87),Δ8/4Pb为12.78~58.39(平均为35.23),表明存在Dupa l同位素异常。根据S r-N d,Pb-Pb和N d-Pb同位素相关特征,判明罗布莎蛇绿岩壳层熔岩是由具亏损地幔端员(DMM)性质的岩浆和具EMⅡ型富集地幔端员性质的岩浆在源区混合形成的。