A CASE STUDY ON CONCENTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION：BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF SPATIAL EVOLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AREA，NANJING，CHINA

In rapid socio-economic development,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously influencing the shaping and transformation of the space in metropolitan area.Survey of spatial concentration and decentralization has thus become a basic method in examining metropolitan spatial evolution.In this research,three elements were selected as the essential indicators of the process:demographic density distribu-tion,employment density distribution and business office location.Performance of these elements in Nanjing City was exam-ined historically.As Nanjing City could be regarded as a representative of metropolitan areas in China,its situation large-ly suggestes the general characteristics in similar areas of China.Hence based on the investigation of Nanjing City,four general implications were highlighted.First ,metropolitan areas in China are in a violent process and shift of spatial concentra-tion and decentralization.Second,from now to at least the near future,concentration will continue to be the central fea-ture.Third,the landscape of metropolitan areas basically exhibits a dual structure character.The gap in environmental and ecological qualities among different districts will continue for a long time.Fourth,Central Business District (CBD) is playing an important role in helping to convert the traditionally single-centered city structure into a polycentric one.     

Incorporation of Perception-based Information in Robot Learning Using Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning Agents

Robot learning in unstructured environments has been proved to be an extremely challenging problem, mainly because of many uncertainties always present in the real world. Human beings, on the other hand, seem to cope very well with uncertain and unpredictable environments, often relying on perception-based information. Furthermore, humans beings can also utilize perceptions to guide their learning on those parts of the perception-action space that are actually relevant to the task. Therefore, we conduct a research aimed at improving robot learning through the incorporation of both perceptionbased and measurement-based information. For this reason, a fuzzy reinforcement learning (FRL) agent is proposed in this paper. Based on a neural-fuzzy architecture, different kinds of information can be incorporated into the FRL agent to initialise its action network, critic network and evaluation feedback module so as to accelerate its learning. By making use of the global optimisation capability of GAs (genetic algorithms), a GA-based FRL (GAFRL) agent is presented to solve the local minima problem in traditional actor-critic reinforcement learning. On the other hand, with the prediction capability of the critic network, GAs can perform a more effective global search. Different GAFRL agents are constructed and verified by using the simulation model of a physical biped robot. The simulation analysis shows that the biped learning rate for dynamic balance can be improved by incorporating perception-based information on biped balancing and walking evaluation. The biped robot can find its application in ocean exploration, detection or sea rescue activity, as well as military maritimeac tivity.     

确立生态价值观 构筑和谐可持续发展社会

世界各国的发展都必须面对的是这样一个共同性的基本问题，即人类社会对物质产品数量、性能、品种追求的无限性与自然环境、物质生产及供给能力的有限性之间的矛盾。人类自出现以来就开始努力从自然界中谋求生存并争取更好的生存（发展的本质就在于此），这种努力永不停歇。尽管人类社会追求物质产品的无限性和自然环境供给能力的有限性是客观存在的，但人类认识到他们的存在，特别是认识到这二者之间矛盾的严重性和普遍性，却有一个相当漫长的过程。     

关于气象商品市场价格若干问题的研究

从气象服务市场的实际出发，借鉴微观经济学的有关理论，讨论研究了气象商品市场价格及其变动因素、形成机制，并开拓性地提出了气象商品的定价原则与方法。     

激电偶极—偶极装置在撒岱沟门的找矿效果

本介绍撒岱沟相矿区应用激电偶极－偶极装置的找矿效果。通过对其成果分析和钻探证实：利用该装置所获资料，不仅能从断面上直观地推测出极化体的分布及产状变化，还能从不同深度的ηｓ平面成果中分析出极化体在地下空间赋存状态的基本轮廓。     

丽江高美古的二期选址——望远镜地面高度的确定

在丽江高美古前期选址工作的基础上^[1-2]，二期选址的望远镜地面高度的确定工作于2000年11月3日至2000年12月16日进行，采用30m铁塔的温度脉动测量装置，对6#选址观测点的近地面大气湍流进行反复多次测量，得到近地面不同高度(4-30m和8-22m)上每夜温度结构系数CT^2的平均值，对观测取得的资料作进一步处理和分析，得到高美古6#观测点的望远镜地面高度为13～15m。     

海洋渔业中的不确定性、风险及其效应

在海洋渔业中，存在着自然状态的不确定性，这会引起人的行为的不确定性，进而引起资源供给的不确定性。不确定性使渔民对其行为的预期存在风险，因而他们总是试图规避风险以减少不确定性带来的损失。人们的风险规避行为可能带来海洋渔业资源过度使用的效应。     

EKL-3A型全自动水文缆道测验系统

EKL-3A型全自动水文缆道测验系统是专为水文缆道测流研制的自动化控制系统。该系统采用工业控制计算机和PLC可编程控制器作为完成自动化缆道测流的控制核心,配合交流变频调速、光电编码测距定位、流速自动测算、音频信号传输等成熟技术和计算机测流控制软件及流量成果自动生成软件等构成。系统可通过计算机对缆道测流装置进行全自动、半自动、手动测流控制,各种测量方式均可最终生成断面流量报表和断面流速分布曲线图。     

深层裂缝性储层防漏堵漏实验评价研究

深层裂缝性气藏具有异常高压、高产等特点,钻井完井过程中易出现又喷又漏等复杂事故,因此需做好“防漏为主、堵漏为辅”的防漏堵漏措施。通过全尺寸堵漏装置进行了高压静态、动态模拟堵漏实验,优选配方组合,并系统评价了防漏、堵漏配方的封堵能力、承压能力以及酸溶性,评价研究出的防漏堵漏配方,具有酸溶率高、堵塞强度高、返排效果好等特点,为防漏、堵漏方案现场实施提供依据。