Final report of IGCP Project 410 （1997-2002）——The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. E-mail： bwebby@laurel.ocs.mq.edu.au

In 1997, IGCP Project No. 410 was established to appraise known records of Ordovician biotas, in order to evaluate one of the greatest-ever diversifications of life on Earth, between 489 and 443 million years ago. Data collection and analysis of biodiversity were coordinated through seven regional teams, and a global“clade” team.     

台湾地层检讨(续)

所谓‘大寮层’者,以页岩与砂岩之交互层为主,厚约350公尺,在其上部,砂岩发育较佳,而在山下部则反是。砂岩往住带石灰质并含有化石,尤其在上部有富含Ditrupa sp之灰质的砂岩发现,所谓Ditrupa化石带是也。此外尚有下列之化石发现:     

四川若尔盖北部寒武—奥陶系太阳顶群沉积环境分析

寒武－奥陶系太阳顶群是西秦岭南亚带最重要的含金－铀岩系，其主要由碳质硅质岩及碳质板岩组成，岩石中还保留了许多沉积组构，如块状构造，纹层构造，韵律构造，结核状构造等，根据岩石学，岩石组合，沉积组构，结合岩石化学，微量元素及稀土元素特征，认为太阳顶群岩石为被动大陆边缘陆海槽中的非补偿性沉积，形成于半深水的滞流水沉积环境。     

编制天水幅地质图之讨论

(一)图幅范围本图为中央地质调查所主编百万分之一全国地质图中之一幅,其范围为经度102°—108°,纬度32°—36°,包括陇山区,秦岭区(秦岭西段),巴山区,及夏河松潘间草地区。     

贵州玉屏彰寨奥陶纪红花园期障积岩隆礁

该障积岩隆礁的造礁生物主要为海绵和藻,岩石类型有海绵灰岩、藻席岩、核形石凝决石灰岩、生物屑灰岩等。本文系统介绍其造礁生物的生态特征、岩石组合并分析其沉积相和礁的生长发育阶段,最后运用马尔柯夫概型分析研究期旋回沉积发育较好的礁核相地层的学积特征。     

新疆塔中南坡奥陶系的地层缺失和沉积相变化

按照奥陶系内部6个组沉积的时间片段拟定塔中南坡不同区块存在不同程度的缺失。部分关键层段的牙形石和几丁虫组合特征证明一间房组和恰尔巴克组在塔中部分井区是存在的,但恰尔巴克组的分布范围最狭窄。总体上,塔中南坡隆起区地层缺失较多,古城墟隆起基本完整。据缺失状况和岩相展布,显示塔中南坡的沉积单元具有由东往西迁移的特征,且各时段迁移的距离与速度存在较大差异。     

The characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin

The Central Gas Field is a famous large-sized gas field in the Ordos Basin of China. However, identification of main gas sources of the Ordovician reservoirs in this gas field remains puzzling. On the basis of a lot of geochemical data and geological research on natural gases, the characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin were studied. The results indicated that natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin have similar chemical and isotopic compositions to highly mature and over-mature dry gases. Both coal-derived gases and oil-type gases coexist in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. The former was derived mainly from Carboniferous-Permian coal measures and the latter from Lower Paleozoic marine carbonates. It is suggested that coal-derived gases occur in the eastern part of the Central Gas Field while oil-type gases may be produced mainly in the northern, western and southern parts of the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin.     

Environmental Redox Changes of the Ancient Sea in the Yangtze Area during the Ordo-Silurian Transition

Extensive organic-matter （OM） rich facies （black shales） occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections （Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province） straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon （TOC）, pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe （FED）, pyrite Fe （FeP）, HCl-extractable Fe （FeH）, and total Fe （FeT）, in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe （FeHR = FeD ＋ FeP） and FeT, and the FeP/（FeP ＋ FeH） ratio, known as the degree of pyritization （DOP）. In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45）, high DOP values （0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54）, and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios （0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21）, low DOP values （0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28）, and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value （SIC = 0.36）. The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41）, high DOP values （0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53） and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters     

观赏石奇葩——化石雨花石

雨花石历来以五彩缤纷的色彩、千姿百态的纹理以及人们赋予的丰富文化内涵为世人称颂。 雨花石品种很多，有矿物娄玛瑙、蛋白石、玉髓、水晶，岩石娄硅质岩、砂岩、石灰岩、大理岩、火成岩，以及古生物化石等。其中化石雨花石为地质历史时期保存在地层里的生物遗体、遗迹，主要来源于古长江流域两岸山体，经长期风化、破碎、搬逗、磨蚀而成。其浑圆度高，有的已玛瑙矿化，色彩花纹美丽，被视为佳品．