新疆喀喇昆仑山地区泥盆纪地层划分与特征

在新疆西昆仑地区1∶5万区域地质调查中,对分布于喀喇昆仑山地层区中的泥盆纪地层,开展剖面测量和区域填图,系统收集其岩性岩相、岩石组合、分布特征、接触关系、生物化石、基本层序等资料,并展开了多重地层划分与对比研究。研究表明区内泥盆纪地层由中下统大王顶组,中统黄羊滩组、落石沟组和上统天神达坂组组成,各组之间均为整合接触关系,除天神达坂组未获生物化石外,其他层位均获有丰富的古生物化石。其中新建大王顶组和黄羊滩组2个岩石地层单位,以及腕足类3个、珊瑚类1个、菊石类1个、三叶虫类1个,共计6个生物地层单位。全面系统厘定和完善了区内泥盆纪的岩石地层序列、生物地层序列和年代地层序列,黄羊滩组是重要的铜矿和石膏矿赋矿层位。从而极大地提高了喀喇昆仑山地区泥盆纪地层研究程度,也为本区地质构造演化和成矿规律分析提供了必要地史资料。     

喀喇昆仑山地区地表水资源特征及饮用条件

通过资料汇总、现场调查、取样试验、类比分析等手段,对区域内冰川雪水、河流水、湖泊水等地表水资源分布特征、水质条件进行研究。该区域地表水资源主要以降雪或融雪补给为主,冰川雪水水质状况较好,河水水质状况相对较差,湖泊水水质状况最差。因生活需要,采用冰川雪水、河流水、湖泊水为饮用水源时,对冰川雪水可经简单净化处理后即可符合饮用水源条件,河流水与湖泊水则需根据实际情况加大净水措施。     

新疆昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山中泥盆世及石炭纪一些四射珊瑚

昆仑山西段及喀喇昆仑山,部分四射珊瑚化石,经笔者研究计有:喀喇昆仑山楚隆帕斯坦中泥盆统落石沟组含Grypophyllum kelakunlunense(sp.nov.);昆仑山西段下石炭统他龙群产Diphyphyllum kunlunense(sp.nov.)喀喇昆仑山中石炭统含Protodurhamina kelakunlunensis(sp.nov.), Lithostrotionella sp.;昆仑山西段中、上石炭统库尔浪群含Protodurhamina kunlunensis (sp.nov.), Neokoninckophyllum sp., Kionophyllum kunlunense(sp. nov.), Paracarruthersella sp., Orygmophyllum convexum Fomitchev。     

喀喇昆仑山西北部冰川运动速度地形控制特征

为了探讨地形和海拔对冰川季节和年平均运动速度的影响程度,利用2013-2018年GoLive数据与ASTER GDEM V2数据对喀喇昆仑山西北部3 389条冰川的地形（坡度、坡向、海拔）和冰川运动速度进行了综合分析。结果表明：冰川表面运动速度在物质平衡线处（3 970~4 770 m）达到最快,是冰川积极维持物质平衡的一种体现。坡度平缓地区在不同海拔下的冰川运动速度有明显的差别,但是不同坡度地区的冰川运动速度随海拔变化的趋势基本一致,均呈现先增大后减小。北坡冰川运动速度较平稳,南坡和西南坡的冰川运动速度（均为0.25 m·d^-1）最快并且变化幅度较大,最小值与最大值相差近4倍。冰川运动速度不是呈现单一的季节性变化,同时还会受到地形的控制。低海拔区域冰川运动速度在消融期（3-6月）较快,中海拔区域在消融前（11月至次年2月）较快。     

2009年夏季喀喇昆仓山叶尔羌河上游发生冰川跃动

喀喇昆仑山叶尔羌河冰川突发洪水在沉寂10 a后, 近10 a(1997-2006年)又频繁发生. 叶尔羌河上游支流克勒青河谷左岸喀喇昆仑山常年为冰雪覆盖, 有多处庞大山谷冰川, 其走向均为从喀喇昆仑山脉北坡向下流入河谷, 5条进入河谷的大山谷冰川长度和面积都分别超过20 km和100 km2.     

喀喇昆仑山北坡冰川地质及地貌

喀喇昆仑山北坡是我国山岳冰川最发育的地区之一.千姿百态的地貌景观是冰川地质及地貌作用的结果.本文对该区主要冰川的地貌类型、不同类型冰川作用的规模及发育程度,以及各阶段冰川作用强度与挽近时期构造运动的关系进行了初步研究.     

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所在塔里木河流域研究方面取得新进展

塔里木河全长2179km,是我国最长的内陆河,塔里木河由发源于天山的阿克苏河、发源于喀喇昆仑山的叶尔羌河、和田河汇流而成。塔里木河流域具有丰富的自然资源与独具特色的自然环境,孕育了众多的生态系统,表现出了特征迥异的景观外貌；更为重要地是,塔里木河流域生息繁衍着以维吾尔族为主体的勤劳智慧的各族人民,各民族共同创造与发展了中华民族的历史与文化。塔里木河不仅是新疆各族人民的母亲河、故乡河,而且也是中华民族的一条永不停息的生命之河与希望之河!     

19^th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop

The 19^th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop (HKT19), as an annual international workshop devoted to presentations of new research findings in the Earth sciences and related disciplines from the Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet (HKT) region and discussion on the burning issues, was held in Niseko, a famous ski resort in Hokkaido,Japan. The HKT19 Organizing Committee hosted the workshop together with two 21^st Century Center of Excellence Programs,namely, COE for the “Neo-Science of Natural History” (Hokkaido University, Project Leader: H. Okada), COE for “Dynamics of the Sun-Earth-Life Interactive System”,(Nagoya University, Project Leader: T.Yasunari), and the Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University,     

The Maximum Ice Age Glaciation between the Karakorum Main Ridge （K2） and the Tarim Basin and its Influence on Global Energy Balance

A modern research approach and working techniques in hitherto unexamined areas, produced the following results: 1). The tongues of decakilometre long Karakorum glaciers belong to temperate ice-streams with an annual meltwateroutput. The short Aghil glaciers on the contrary are continental, arid and cold. 2). The present-day oscillations of the Karakorum glaciers are related to their own mass, and are contrary to and independent of the actual climate. Only the short glaciers, with steep tongue fronts, show a present-day positive balance. 3). ^14C- dated Late Glacial moraines indicate a 400-800 m thick valley glacier at the former confluence point of the K2-, Sarpo Laggo- and Skamri glaciers. 4). From the evidence of transfluence passes with roches moutonn6es, striae and the limits of glacial polishing, as well as moraines and erratics, a High Glacial at least 12oo m thick ice-stream network between the Karakorums and the Kuen Lun north slopes was reconstructed. The Shaksgam and Yarkand valleys were occupied by glaciers coming from west Tibet. The lowest-lying moraines are to be found in the foreland down to 2000 m, indicating a depression of the High Glacial (LGM) snowline (ELA) by 13oo m.5). The approximately 10,000 measurements of the radiation balance at up to heights of 5500 m on K2 indicate that with incoming energy near the solar constant the reflection from snow- covered ice is up to 70% greater than from rock and rock waste surfaces.6).These results confirm for the very dry western margins of Tibet an almost complete ice sheet cover in an area with subtropical energy balance, conforming with the Ice Age hypothesis of the author which is based upon the presence of a 2.4 million km^2 Tibetan inland ice sheet. This inland ice developed for the first time when Tibet was uplifted over the snowline during the early Pleistocene. As the measured subtropical radiation balance shows, it was able to trigger the Quaternary Ice Ages.