坡地农林复合系统的结构类型与效益分析─以长江三峡库区坡地农业为例

本义认为现代术语的农林复合系统来源于生产实践,体现了农业与林业的有机结合、品种生态和经济的有机结合、产品多样化以及管理科学化4个方面相统一的特点。文章在分析三峡库区农林复合系统的类型结构基础上,提出了农林复合系统可以进行层次结构划分的观点。最后,以典型案例研究方法入手,对1种农林结构类型进行效益分析,结果表明,采用植物篱农林复合坡地系统,是现阶段生产力水平下实现坡地生态经济协调发展的有效途径,值得广泛推广。     

地磁静日期内北半球电离层NmF2的结构分布

用北半球陆地上48个地面电离层垂测站资料，以及国际参考电离层IRI 90模式，考察1985年1月6～7日F2层电子密度最大值日变化的纬度剖面和经度效应. 结果表明，在亚洲地区的20°N～30°N内，F2层赤道异常“喷泉效应”产生的NmF2“北驼峰”最高，其最大值出现在中午，或稍迟时间. 30°N ～50°N区域内，NmF2的白天峰值幅度逐渐下降，峰值时间移至午前约10:00 LT. 更高纬度(50°N～62°N )台站上，中午前后NmF2出现双峰，傍晚有谷值，夜间又再次抬升. 欧、美地区的低纬台站很少，但借助IRI 90模式分析可发现，在270°E经圈上，“喷泉效应”造成的“北驼峰”幅度最小，而且随纬度增大时，NmF2白天幅度下降也不明显，即纬度剖面的经度效应非常显著. 对中国、日本地区台站资料的小范围经度差异分析表明，在驼峰区的90°E～140°E内，各站NmF2无明显差别；但在中纬地区30°N～50°N内，中国西部上空NmF2白天变化幅度较大，且较为陡直，而中国东部和日本台站上空则相对平缓.     

程裕淇主编《中国地层典》记失

文章列数了《中国地层典》5个方面的重要失误:不是中国地层名称全览性的工具书,急于采用处于争议中的术语,大量地层单位名称的出处因考证不到位而形成张冠李戴,采用的历史优先律不是国际共识,在编撰过程中建立新名称。文章用选出的泰山杂岩、滹沱系、秦岭片岩和仑山石灰岩4个名称为例说明《中国地层典》对其出处的考证不到位,进而论证《中国地层典》的诸多解释可信度低。文章严肃地指出“历史优先律”给中国地层学造成的不良后果:它破坏了地层命名法的标准性,颠倒了中国地层命名史,干扰了中国地层名称的管理。     

Shale Gas Formation and Occurrence in China: An Overview of the Current Status and Future Potential

Shale gas is one of the most promising unconventional resources both in China and abroad. It is known as a form of self-contained source-reservoir system with large and continuous dimensions. Through years of considerable exploration efforts, China has identified three large shale gas fields in the Fuling, Changning and Weiyuan areas of the Sichuan Basin, and has announced more than 540 billion m~3 of proven shale gas reserves in marine shale systems. The geological theories for shale gas development have progressed rapidly in China as well. For example, the new depositional patterns have been introduced for deciphering the paleogeography and sedimentary systems of the Wufeng shale and Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin. The shale gas storage mechanism has been widely accepted as differing from conventional natural gas in that it is adsorbed on organic matter or a mineral surface or occurs as free gas trapped in pores and fractures of the shale. Significant advances in the techniques of microstructural characterization have provided new insights on how gas molecules are stored in micro- and nano-scale porous shales. Furthermore, newly-developed concepts and practices in the petroleum industry, such as hydraulic fracturing, microseismic monitoring and multiwell horizontal drilling, have made the production of this unevenly distributed but promising unconventional natural gas a reality. China has 10–36 trillion m~3 of promising shale gas among the world's whole predicted technically recoverable reserves of 206.6 trillion m~3. China is on the way to achieving its goal of an annual yield of 30–50 billion m~3 by launching more trials within shale gas projects.     

A Review of the Bentong-Raub Suture vis-à-vis New Insight of the Tectonic Evolution of Malay Peninsula, South East Asia

As a milestone of the entire energy industry, unconventional resources have inevitably swept the world in the last decade, and will certainly dominate the global oil and gas industry in the near future. Eventually, the “unconventional” will become “conventional”. Along with the rapid development, however, some issues have emerged, which are closely related to the viability of unconventional resources development. Under the current circumstances of low crude oil and gas price, coupled with the prominent environmental concerns, the arguments about the development and production of unconventional resources have been recently heated up. This work introduced the full-blown aspects of unconventional resources especially shale reservoirs, by discussing their concepts and definitions, reviewing the shale gas and shale oil development history and necessity, analyzing the shale plays’ geology and petroleum systems with respects to key hydrocarbon accumulation elements and mechanisms, and summarizing the technology resolution. This study also discussed the relevant key issues, including significant estimation uncertainty of technically recoverable resources, the equivocal understanding of complex geology preventing the production and technologies implementation optimization, the difficulties of experiences and technologies global expanding, and the corresponding risks and uncertainties. In addition, based on the latest production and exploration data, the future perspective of the unconventional resources was depicted from global unconventional resources assessments, technology development, and limitations constraining the development.     

中亚陆间区南带上古生界构造和油气远景(代序)

安加拉-阿尔丹和华北-塔里木两大克拉通之间地壳相对活动性的地区,地质界多称为中亚陆间区,其南带大部分在中国境内。近年来,中国开始把其上古生界作为油气新区、新领域。多数人认为,其在晚古生代已形成过渡型地壳区,其中有许多地块已逐步拼合,在其上发育裂谷型沉积地质体,未受到区域变质,若干实体变形微弱并被上覆层掩盖而得到保存。源于上古生界的油气既可赋存在其内,也可运聚于中生界或基岩内,在其西段已发现了大中型油气田群。但其整体地质研究程度偏低,仍有许多重大区域地质、油气地质问题存在歧见。针对其近年来的进展、存在的问题和油气远景评价作了概括性的评论。     

下庄竹山下铀矿床黄铁矿元素地球化学特征及其表征意义

竹山下铀矿床是粤北下庄铀矿田内大型铀矿床之一,铀矿化类型为"交点"型和硅化带型。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对竹山下铀矿床4种不同类型黄铁矿进行元素含量分析及硫同位素测试,结果表明:"交点"型矿石中黄铁矿相对富集Pb、 Cu、 Co、 As、 Ni、 Se、 Bi、 U、 Sb、 Zn等微量元素;"交点"型铀矿化形成于中深部高温环境,成矿热液具有地幔流体特征,成矿过程硫来源与该区花岗岩中黄铁矿的硫来源一致或者相似,花岗岩中的黄铁矿可能为该期成矿事件的产物;竹山下矿床在垂向上表现出越往深部硫逸度越低的特征;"交点"型和硅化带型中黄铁矿具有相似的微量元素配分曲线,表明二者具有相同的成矿热液来源,且与辉绿岩中黄铁矿配分曲线相似,表明该区成矿热液具有深源性。     

非常规电测深法在工程地质勘查中的应用

本文提出了“非常规电测深法”的概念及实际操作过程,阐述了其应用条件和效果.存在高阻屏蔽层时电法解释较为困难.针对这一情况,本文提出了高阻屏蔽层影响的校正方法,提高了电法解释的精度和效果.     

Terrestrial heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure in the Chagan Depression of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin,north central China

The Chagan Depression in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, located at the intersection of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Tethys Ocean domains is an important region to gain insights on terrestrial heat flow, lithospheric thermal structure and deep geodynamic processes. Here, we compute terrestrial heat flow values in the Chagan Depression using a large set of system steady-state temperature data from four representative wells and rock thermal conductivity. We also estimate the “thermal” lithospheric thickness, mantle heat flow, ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow and Moho temperature to evaluate the regional tectonic framework and deep dynamics. The results show that the heat flow in the Chagan Depression ranges from 66.5 to 69.8 mW/m², with an average value of 68.3 ± 1.2 mW/m². The Chagan Depression is characterized by a thin “thermal” lithosphere, high mantle heat flow, and high Moho temperature, corresponding to the lithospheric thermal structure of “cold mantle and hot crust” type. We correlate the formation of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin to the Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic subduction of the western Pacific Plate and the Cenozoic multiple extrusions. Our results provide new insights into the thermal structure and dynamics of the lithospheric evolution in central China.     

“一带一路”建设背景下重庆与东盟国家贸易格局演变和影响因素分析

“贸易畅通”是“一带一路”建设的重要内容,重庆作为中国西部地区内陆开放高地,贸易发展优势明显。运用贸易强度指数和HM指数,分析2001—2017年重庆与东盟国家贸易格局和贸易依赖程度,并分析影响重庆与东盟国家贸易格局的影响因素。结果表明：①重庆与东盟国家贸易联系紧密,增长速度快,贸易总额在“一带一路”沿线六大区域中始终保持领先地位;②马来西亚和泰国成为重庆与东盟国家中最重要的贸易伙伴,越南、新加坡、菲律宾和印度尼西亚紧随其后,而与缅甸、柬埔寨、老挝和文莱的贸易总额较少;③在进口方面,形成以马来西亚、泰国和越南为首的多元进口格局,泰国和越南进口伙伴地位上升。在出口方面,形成以马来西亚为首的多元出口新格局,越南出口地位下降;④在市场相互依赖程度方面,重庆出口对东盟国家特别是马来西亚和新加坡贸易市场的重要性程度上升,而对东盟国家市场依赖程度较小;⑤产业结构、贸易通道、文化交流和政策等是影响重庆与东盟国家贸易格局的重要影响因素。