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排序方式: 共有321条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Evaluating fishery impacts using metrics of community structure 总被引:8,自引:14,他引:8
2.
台湾西南部泥岩土地利用型态与环境劣化趋势之分析 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
台湾泥岩恶地因其特殊之土壤理化性质及区域微气候的相互恶性循环,衍生生态环境等问题。在以往之35年,裸化面积从1967年的2532hm^2,至2001年11月已扩大为15539hm^2。其表土大量流失、崩塌、河川含砂量激增、植被退化与微气候变异等破坏,更显示泥岩之环境劣化问题。以SPOT卫星影像判识泥岩裸露面积,探讨不同时期之地景变异,并应用地景生态理论量化泥岩地表不同土地利用之空间结构变化,分析地景结构变迁之生态内涵与生态指标意义。因子分析结果其主要变异为多样性因子与形状破碎型因子所影响,而应用马可夫链模式计算出不同时期之土地利用变迁内涵,此结果搭配指标分析可解释泥岩裸露面积与竹林面积皆持续扩大,乃由人为土地利用之活动及植被变迁所引起。 相似文献
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4.
Based on the dynamic framework of WRF and Morrison 2-moment explicit cloud scheme, a salt-seeding scheme was developed and used to simulate the dissipation of a warm fog event during 6–7 November 2009 in the Beijing and Tianjin area. The seeding effect and its physical mechanism were studied. The results indicate that when seeding fog with salt particles sized 80 μm and at a quantity of 6 gm~(-2) at the fog top, the seeding effect near the ground surface layer is negative in the beginning period, and then a positive seeding effect begins to appear at 18 min, with the best effect appearing at 21 min after seeding operation. The positive effect can last about 35 min. The microphysical mechanism of the warm fog dissipation is because of the evaporation due to the water vapor condensation on the salt particles and coalescence with salt particles.The process of fog water coalescence with salt particles contributed mostly to this warm fog dissipation. Furthermore, two series of sensitivity experiments were performed to study the seeding effect under different seeding amounts and salt particles sizes. The results show that seeding fog with salt particles sized of 80 μm can have the best seeding effect, and the seeding effect is negative when the salt particle size is less than 10 μm. For salt particles sized 80 μm, the best seeding effect, with corresponding visibility of 380 m, can be achieved when the seeding amount is 30 g m~(-2). 相似文献
5.
Ce Zhang Peter M. Atkinson 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(12):2442-2461
The formation of an anisotropic landscape is influenced by natural and/or human processes, which can then be inferred on the basis of geometric indices. In this study, two minimal bounding rectangles in consideration of the principles of mechanics (i.e. minimal width bounding (MWB) box and moment bounding (MB) box) were introduced. Based on these boxes, four novel shape indices, namely MBLW (the length-to-width ratio of MB box), PAMBA (area ratio between patch and MB box), PPMBP (perimeter ratio between patch and MB box) and ODI (orientation difference index between MB and MWB boxes), were introduced to capture multiple aspects of landscape features including patch elongation, patch compactness, patch roughness and patch symmetry. Landscape pattern was, thus, quantified by considering both patch directionality and patch shape simultaneously, which is especially suitable for anisotropic landscape analysis. The effectiveness of the new indices were tested with real landscape data consisting of three kinds of saline soil patches (i.e. the elongated shaped slightly saline soil class, the circular or half-moon shaped moderately saline soil, and the large and complex severely saline soil patches). The resulting classification was found to be more accurate and robust than that based on traditional shape complexity indices. 相似文献
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Modelling coastal land use change by incorporating spatial autocorrelation into cellular automata models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents a spatial autoregressive (SAR) method-based cellular automata (termed SAR-CA) model to simulate coastal land use change, by incorporating spatial autocorrelation into transition rules. The model captures the spatial relationships between explained and explanatory variables and then integrates them into CA transition rules. A conventional CA model (LogCA) based on logistic regression (LR) was studied as a comparison. These two CA models were applied to simulate urban land use change of coastal regions in Ningbo of China from 2000 to 2015. Compared to the LR method, the SAR model yielded smaller accumulated residuals that showed a random distribution in fitting the CA transition rules. The better-fitting SAR model performed well in simulating urban land use change and scored an overall accuracy of 85.3%, improving on the LogCA model by 3.6%. Landscape metrics showed that the pattern generated by the SAR-CA model has less difference with the observed pattern. 相似文献
8.
Weijian WANG Zhanyu YAO Jianping GUO Chao TAN Shuo JIA Wenhui ZHAO Pei ZHANG Liangshu GAO 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(3):528-539
Effects of weather modification operations on precipitation in target areas have been widely reported, but little is specifically known about the downwind (extra-area) effects in China. We estimated the extra-area effect of an operational winter (November-February) aircraft cloud-seeding project in northern Jiangxi Province in eastern China by using a revised historical target/control regression analysis method based on the precipitation data in winter. The results showed that the overall seasonal average rainfall at the downwind stations increased by 21.67%(p=0.0013). This enhancement effect was detected as far as 120 km away from the target area. Physical testing was used to compare the cloud characteristics before and after seeding on 29 November 2014. A posteriori analysis with respect to the characteristics of cloud units derived from operational weather radar data in Jiangxi was performed by tracking cloud units. Radar features in the target unit were enhanced relative to the control unit for more than two hours after the operational cloud seeding, which is indicative of the extra-area seeding effect. The findings could be used to help relieve water shortages in China. 相似文献
9.
对河南省12次飞机增雨作业,分别采用作业区域趋势对比双比分析评估方案、区域趋势相关回归分析方案、区域趋势协变量多元回归分析方案、浮动对比区历史回归分析方案(FCM)、以降水量为协变量的CAFCM(ClusterAnalysis〖CD*2〗based Floating Control historical regression Method)方案和以降水量和整层大气可降水量为协变量的CAFCM方案进行效果评估,均得到大于15%的相对增雨量。对结果比较分析表明:协变量由降水量和整层大气降水量两个组成的C 相似文献
10.
Urban sprawl has become a global phenomenon as an outcome of growing population and rapid urbanization. Previous studies have addressed the rising incidence of uncontrollable urban development, particularly in peri-urban areas of cities, leading to chronic urban sprawl. The city of Guwahati, a million city in north east India, has expanded significantly in recent years. In this article, the links between population and growth of built-up areas were examined using geo-spatial techniques and remotely sensed datasets. The results indicate that the sprawl has accentuated in recent years. The intensity of land use remained uneven due to marked variations in the distribution of built-up areas, plausibly an outcome of unplanned urban growth. If current trends are anything to go by, future urban sprawl could pose serious threats to the vulnerable eco-sensitive and peri-urban areas of Guwahati. Secondary cities have unfortunately received scant attention in urban policy research, and Guwahati, epitomizes urban woes in a developing country. 相似文献