Application of Mineral‐Based Amendments for Enhancing Phytostabilization in Lolium perenne L. Cultivation

An experimental investigation is conducted to explore the suitability of Lolium perenne L., diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, and limestone for the phytostabilization of Ni and Cu in contaminated soil. A controlled greenhouse study is conducted. The soil is enriched with rising dose of Cu and Ni, that is, (0, 150, 250, and 350 mg kg^?1) and (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg kg^?1), respectively. The phytostabilization potential of perennial ryegrass is evaluated using a bioaccumulation coefficient and translocation factor. Pseudo‐total and available metal content (0.01 M CaCl₂) in soils and bioaccumulated content in plants are defined in laboratory experiments using spectrophotometry experimental technique. L. perenne is adequate in phytostabilization aided programs, simultaneously, diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, and limestone used as modifiers are effective in reducing the accessibility and mobility of metals in Cu‐ and Ni‐polluted soils. The finding of the present study suggests that the studied element in the roots and above‐ground parts of L. perenne differs significantly upon applying mineral‐based modifications to the soil, synchronously the effect of increasing Cu and Ni levels. Application of dolomite and limestone to the soil cause the highest percentage of the above‐ground biomass. Diatomite along with limestone cause a significant boost of Cu and Ni absorption in the roots. Limestone causes an increase in the contents of K, Na, and Ca, as well as a reduction in P in the above‐ground parts of L. perenne. Limestone and chalcedonite leads to the highest decrease in available Cu and Ni.     

黑麦草幼苗对NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫的光合响应差异

 为了探讨牧草光合功能对盐、碱胁迫的响应差异,采用营养液砂培方法,分别研究了不同浓度（0、50、100、150、200 mmol·L-1）NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长、叶片光合色素含量、气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿体Hill反应活力和ATPase活性的影响。结果表明:①随着处理浓度的增加,黑麦草幼苗全株干重、叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）明显下降。当NaCl浓度小于100 mmol·L-1时,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）显著降低,气孔限制值（Ls）明显增加,随着NaCl浓度进一步增大,Ci显著增加,Ls显著减小;NaHCO3胁迫下Ci随着处理浓度增大而显著增加,Ls则显著减小。但NaHCO3胁迫下各指标下降或增加的幅度大于NaCl胁迫。②随着NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫强度的增大,黑麦草幼苗荧光参数PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、光化学淬灭（qP）及叶绿体Hill反应和ATPase活性明显下降,非光化学淬灭（NPQ）显著提高,叶片吸收的光能中用于光化学反应的比例（P）显著减小,天线热耗散的比例（D）显著增大。在相同浓度下,NaHCO3胁迫的各荧光参数及Hill反应和ATPase活性的变幅大于NaCl胁迫,说明NaHCO3胁迫对幼苗的伤害程度大于NaCl胁迫。由此表明,黑麦草对碱的耐性低于盐,这可能与碱的高pH值更多引起光合色素含量下降和光合机构受到严重伤害有关。