About Darcy's law in non-Galilean frame

This paper is aimed towards investigating the filtration law of an incompressible viscous Newtonian fluid through a rigid non-inertial porous medium (e.g. a porous medium placed in a centrifuge basket). The filtration law is obtained by upscaling the flow equations at the pore scale. The upscaling technique is the homogenization method of multiple scale expansions which rigorously gives the macroscopic behaviour and the effective properties without any prerequisite on the form of the macroscopic equations. The derived filtration law is similar to Darcy's law, but the tensor of permeability presents the following remarkable properties: it depends upon the angular velocity of the porous matrix, it verifies Hall–Onsager's relationship and it is a non-symmetric tensor. We thus deduce that, under rotation, an isotropic porous medium leads to a non-isotropic effective permeability. In this paper, we present the results of numerical simulations of the flow through rotating porous media. This allows us to highlight the deviations of the flow due to Coriolis effects at both the microscopic scale (i.e. the pore scale), and the macroscopic scale (i.e. the sample scale). The above results confirm that for an isotropic medium, phenomenological laws already proposed in the literature fails at reproducing three-dimensional Coriolis effects in all types of pores geometry. We show that Coriolis effects may lead to significant variations of the permeability measured during centrifuge tests when the inverse Ekman number Ek⁻¹ is 𝒪(1). These variations are estimated to be less than 5% if Ek⁻¹<0.2, which is the case of classical geotechnical centrifuge tests. We finally conclude by showing that available experimental data from tests carried out in centrifuges are not sufficient to determining the effective tensor of permeability of rotating porous media. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纳米碳酸钙材料的工业合成与应用

该文对目前工业上生产纳米碳酸钙的方法作了较为详细的综述。对一步碳化法、两步碳化法、多段喷雾碳化法、旋转填充床碳化反应器碳化技术制备链形、纺锤形、球形、立方形等不同形状的纳米碳酸钙材料的方法进行了比较和总结     

基于历史关系数据库的时空数据库实现研究

时空数据库是研究如何存储历史和当前的时空数据,从而跟踪分析某一区域的变化,最终实现时空模型化和模拟地学过程.采用历史关系数据库模式的时空数据库可以充分利用传统时态数据库时态查询功能和GIS空间分析处理功能这些方面成熟的研究成果和现有系统,降低时空数据库建立的费用和开销.分析了采用扩展关系型时空数据库的原因,介绍了历史关系数据库模式、时态关系代数和查询语言,研究了采用历史关系数据库模式在全关系化空间数据库中组织时态信息的方法,从而实现时空数据库.以麦地轮作为例说明了采用历史关系数据库模式建立时空数据库的可行性和有效性.     

国道108线广元段公路桥梁裂缝病害及加固对策

国道108线广元段由于地质地貌条件复杂、重载作用及施工质量未能保证，桥梁裂缝病害较为普遍。文章简要介绍了沿线工程地质条件，按裂缝病害的成因将其分为3种类型：即桥台填土上部不密实引起的裂缝病害、桥台填土整体不密实引起的裂缝病害及地基土不均匀引起的裂缝病害。分别提出3种加固对策：即压浆、预应力对穿锚索锚梁及高压旋喷技术对上述病害进行治理。通过工程实例证明了这3种措施的有效性，为公路桥梁类似裂缝灾害提供了实践经验。这3种治理措施的优点为工艺简单、成本较低。但是桥梁病害的治理往往为隐蔽工程，施工难度较大、检测困难。对于压浆和高压旋喷加固工程，必须进行取芯检测，而预应力对穿锚索锚梁在施工过程中必须严格控制水平孔的倾斜度，保证施工质量。     

椭球雨滴群旋转轴呈正态分布情况时雷达反射率因子的修正

推导出了在云降水粒子群为小旋转椭球水滴群、椭球旋转轴呈正态分布、云降水粒子谱为M-P分布情况下的雷达气象方程,并且重新定义了相应的雷达反射率因子,确定了在用雷达测定非球形雨滴降水时的订正系数。为新一代多普勒天气雷达观测资料的雨滴形状和分布特征订正、提高降水测量精度提供了理论依据和方法。     

利用旋转平台模拟双河口羽流相互作用的研究

本文通过旋转平台实验室实验的方法,探讨了双河口情况下两个羽流将如何发生相互作用。在研究中,提出了一种新颖的技术对河口羽流的各切面流场进行测量,来获得河口羽流多个平面的速度场及涡度场,并基于此模拟了双河口羽流系统的准三维结构。通过对不同入流速度下的双河口羽流流场演变过程和内部结构进行了一系列对比研究,以期揭示上游河流的入流如何影响下游河口涡旋的形成及在羽流相互作用情形下各个羽流的演变。实验结果表明:随着上游入流流量的增加,上游羽流形成的沿岸流对下游河口涡旋沿岸迁移的促进和离岸输运的抑制作用将更加显著。特别是在上游入流流量等于或大于下游入流流量的情况下,下游羽流河口涡旋的体积增长明显较单一河口情况放缓。在上游入流流量较大的情况下,下游原有河口涡旋被推向更下游位置,在远离河口的位置形成另一个河口涡旋。在垂直方向上,我们可以观察到高上游入流流量条件下的下游河口涡旋的深度较小,更有利于形成三层流体的情况。本研究对多河口近海流域的营养盐及污染物的输运情况等社会和生态问题的研究有着重要的意义。     

利用部分投影的二维CT旋转中心偏移快速校正

现有的CT重建算法都依赖于转台旋转中心的准确定位,否则会引起重建图像的伪影。目前已有的旋转中心估计方法的共同特点是利用180°或360°的投影数据。获取这些投影,需要比较长的扫描时间,占用比较多的资源。为此,在平行束扫描和扇形束扫描两种情形下,本文提出利用部分视角的投影来对转台旋转中心进行快速定位的方法。在平行束情形,利用物体空间质心与投影空间的质心的对应关系定理,由60°的投影即可准确测量出旋转中心的位置。在扇形束情形,通过将扇形束投影重排成平行束投影,仍可由扇形角再进行60°的投影准确测量出旋转中心的位置。     

盾构机全站仪激光导向模式误差灵敏度分析

通过对盾构机全站仪激光导向系统的测量原理研究,并对盾构坐标与施工坐标系的旋转模型转换原理分析,建立盾构姿态参数与坐标旋转模型的关系.然后通过全站仪测量激光标靶棱镜和切口坐标与激光标靶相对位置的误差分析得到相关结论.     

国际油气井钻头进展概述（二）——FuseTek融合钻头与Pexus组合钻头

NOV公司2013年向市场推出FuseTek融合钻头。它将PDC钻头的高钻速与孕镶金刚石钻头的耐磨性结合于一体,适宜于钻进中硬—坚硬、高研磨性地层。FuseTek钻头已广泛应用于刚果、厄瓜多尔、中国、哥伦比亚等国家。应用表明,该新型组合钻头比PDC钻头或牙轮钻头钻进效率提高许多,工作寿命增加1～3倍或更多。Shear Bits公司于2014年推出Pexus组合钻头。该钻头广泛应用于加拿大冰川冰碛物钻进。地层上部硬卵砾石层利用可转动硬质合金齿钻进,下部软砂岩与页岩则运用PDC碎岩。整个冰碛物地层用一个Pexus钻头一钻到底。所述3类组合式钻头（含Kymera钻头）对于未来实现“一个钻头,一口井”的目标有重要意义。     

Numerical Investigation of Submarine Hydrodynamics and Flow Field in Steady Turn

This paper presents numerical simulations of viscous flow past a submarine model in steady turn by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier?Stokes Equations (RANSE) for incompressible, steady flows. The rotating coordinate system was adopted to deal with the rotation problem. The Coriolis force and centrifugal force due to the computation in a body-fixed rotating frame of reference were treated explicitly and added to momentum equations as source terms. Furthermore, velocities of entrances were coded to give the correct magnitude and direction needed. Two turbulence closure models (TCMs), the RNG model with wall functions and curvature correction and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) model without the use of wall functions, but with curvature correction and low-Re correction were introduced, respectively. Take DARPA SUBOFF model as the test case, a series of drift angle varying between 0° and 16° at a Reynolds number of 6.53×106 undergoing rotating arm test simulations were conducted. The computed forces and moment as a function of drift angle during the steady turn are mostly in close agreement with available experimental data. Though the difference between the pressure coefficients around the hull form was observed, they always show the same trend. It was demonstrated that using sufficiently fine grids and advanced turbulence models will lead to accurate prediction of the flow field as well as the forces and moments on the hull.