滑坡碎屑化运动物理模型相似材料特性研究

高速远程滑坡物理模型试验中,岩石相似材料的选择是模型试验成功的关键,然而目前滑坡相似材料强度高、难以在缩尺试验中模拟滑坡破碎过程。以重晶石、石英砂为骨料,石膏为胶结剂,羧甲基纤维素钠、甘油、水作为辅助材料,进行可破碎岩石相似材料的配比试验。采用控制变量法研究重晶石与石英砂比例（重石比）、骨料与胶结物比例（骨胶比）、羧甲基纤维素钠含量、拌合水量、甘油含量对相似材料物理力学性质的影响。试验结果表明:所有配比情况下各相似材料物理力学参数的范围分别为单轴抗压强度为0.12～1.47 MPa,弹性模量为25.51～148.12 MPa,黏聚力为1.63～87.39 kPa,内摩擦角为22.70°～35.89°,脆性指标主要分布在0.033～0.145之间;重石比主要控制岩石相似材料的内摩擦角;骨胶比减小,对应的黏聚力和内摩擦角先增大后减小;羧甲基纤维素钠对材料的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、黏聚力等材料的力学特性以及材料的脆性指标影响均比较大,其中对单轴抗压强度的影响最大。因此,控制羧甲基纤维素钠和拌合水量的含量,并合理调节重石比与骨胶比,在相似比约为1∶600的试验尺度下,最终确定了适用于高速远程滑坡碎屑化过程模拟的低强度高脆性岩石相似材料的配比区间。     

Hydrodynamic and isotopic investigations for evaluating the mechanisms and amount of groundwater seepage through a rockslide dam

This study addresses the influence of landslide dams on surface water drainage and groundwater flow. In the study area of Scanno Lake and Sagittario River (Central Italy), a limestone rockslide‐avalanche formed a lake, which has an outlet that is occasionally active, showing infiltration into the rockslide dam. Several springs are present at the lake's base and are partly fed by seepage through the rockslide debris. Piezometric surveys, discharge measurements, pumping tests and chemical analyses are tools used to build a conceptual model of the groundwater flow and to evaluate the flow through the rockslide debris. Seasonal water isotopic signatures validate the assumed model, showing a mixing of infiltration recharge and groundwater seepage throughout the rockslide debris. Various recharge areas have been found for springs, pointing out those directly fed by the rockslide debris aquifer. Hypotheses about seasonal groundwater mixing between the regional carbonate aquifer and the rockslide debris aquifer are supported by isotope results. Seasonal changes in groundwater table level due to recharge and surface losses from seasonal outlet have been correlated with isotopic groundwater composition from the rockslide debris aquifer and the downstream springs; this relationship highlights the role of the rockslide dam body on the hydrodynamics of the studied area. Relationships between surface waters and groundwater in the area have been completely understood on the basis of water isotopic fingerprinting, finally obtaining a complete evaluation of groundwater renewable resources and its regimen. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GEOMORPHOLOGY AND KINEMATICS OF THE CONTURRANA ROCKSLIDE-DEBRIS FLOW (NW SICILY)

The Conturrana rockslide-debris flow involved a mass of almost 22 × 10⁶ m³ of well indurated breccia with a plastic basal layer. The original rock mass slid initially along a listric slip surface — which required the rupture of the mass itself by internal shearing and caused the formation of a horst-and-graben morphology — and attained a high speed. Then part of the mass fell from a morphological step, and moved about 800 m forward. In this landslide, the morphological and morphometrical examination — which is also based on a reconstruction of the pre-landslide topography — indicates that mobility was rather low when related to volume and to the control exerted by local morphology. The event might have been induced by an earthquake in the 4th century.     

青岛市崂山风景区崩塌地质灾害治理方法探讨——以大平岚崩塌人造景观石治理为例

青岛市崂山风景区旅游主线大平岚附近发生崩塌地质灾害,导致崂山风景区南线道路全线封闭,崩落巨石上方的残留危岩体存在严重安全隐患,急需治理。为使原有景观石得以保护,又不致于形成新的视觉污染,利用人造景观石在崂山风景区大平岚崩塌地质灾害治理工程中进行了探索。实践证明,该方案投资少、工期短、效果好,既消除了崩塌地质灾害隐患,使原有景观石得到了保护,又未形成新的视觉污染,为人造景观石在风景区地质灾害治理工程中的应用起到了示范作用。     

高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势

高速远程崩滑动力学机理的研究,一直是国内外工程地质与山地灾害领域崩塌、滑坡灾害研究的前沿热点问题。对这一研究领域,最近几十年来所取得的研究成果、研究现状及发展趋势进行了述评。厘定了高速远程崩滑的定义;详细地阐述了国内外众多典型重大高速远程崩滑灾害事件的几何学、运动学特征;概述了迄今为止所提出的高速远程崩滑形成的各种动力学机理;分析与讨论了高速远程崩滑动力学机理研究的发展趋势与动向;提出了今后进一步研究的总体思路、目标与应重点解决的关键问题。     

基于二阶功准则的岩质滑坡准静态-动态转化数值分析

地质不连续带的破坏往往对岩质边坡的失稳起控制性作用。二阶功破坏准则可以分析除振颤失稳外的所有材料失稳问题,因此,利用该准则分析了岩体不连续带的材料失稳破坏问题。首先从数学上解释了使用二阶功分析二维地质不连续带的优势;而后将二阶功破坏准则引入FLAC有限差分计算软件,并根据相关监测数据对南芬铁矿岩质滑坡进行了二维数值分析。滑坡是一个准静态到动态的转化过程,动能的突然爆发标志着准静态-动态转化的发生。二阶功和二阶动能之间存在直接关系,据此关系估算出的南芬铁矿岩质边坡动能演化曲线可以证明二阶功对岩土材料失稳破坏判别的有效性。     

Rain‐induced deep‐seated catastrophic rockslides controlled by a thrust fault and river incision in an accretionary complex in the Shimanto Belt,Japan

To clarify the geological causes of rockslides induced by rainstorms in accretionary complexes, the geology and geomorphology of two large rockslides (volumes > 10⁶ m³) induced by the heavy rainfall of Typhoon Talas in the Shimanto Belt, Kii Mountains, Japan in 2011 are investigated. Our analysis reveals that thrusts with brittle crush zones controlled the occurrence of the rockslides. The properties and distribution of thrusts were poorly constrained before this study. Flooding during the rainstorm removed surface materials along rivers, allowing thorough geological mapping to be performed. Gravitationally deformed slopes were studied using GIS analysis of 1 m digital elevation models (DEMs) and fieldwork, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, permeability, and direct shear tests were used to characterize the mineralogy and geotechnical properties of fault gouge. The Kawarabi thrust has a brittle crush zone up to 6 m thick and acts as the sliding surface for both landslides. The thrust dips 34° downslope and is cut by high‐angle faults and joints along one or both sides of each landslide body. Prior to failure, the upper part of the slope contained small scarps, suggesting that the slopes were already gravitationally deformed. The slope instability can be attributed to long‐term river erosion, which has undercut the slope and exposed the thrust at the base of the slope. The groundwater level, monitored in boreholes, suggests that the Kawarabi thrust is a barrier to groundwater flow. The weak and impermeable nature of the thrust played an essential role in the generation of gravitational slope deformation and catastrophic failure during periods of increased rainfall. Thrusts are a common feature of accretionary complexes, including in the Shimanto Belt, and the mechanism of slope failure stated above can be typical of rockslides in accretionary complexes and provide new insights into landslide disaster mitigation.