Centrifugal test of a road embankment built after new dredger fill on thick marine clay

Abstract

The construction of a 100-km road network is planned on a land reclamation area in the Oujiang Estuary in China. The embankment had a height of 4 m and a base width of 60 m. The reclamation area is newly filled by a 3-m dredger fill on a 48-m thick layer of marine clay. Estimation of the settlement of the future road network is difficult. To guide the construction of the road network, a 1/100-scale centrifuge model test was performed with a marine clay sample from the construction site to simulate the layered settlements and evaluate the drainage effect of prefabricated vertical drains in the dredger fill in the following 10 years. The results of the centrifuge modeling test are verified by 10-month in situ monitoring, which shows agreement between the centrifuge modeling test results and the in situ results. The test results indicate that additional time is needed to reinforce the newly added dredger fill by the surcharge preloading method to uplift the elevation of the reclamation area with dredger fill.     

On the Polyps of the Common Jellyfish Aurelia aurita in Kagoshima Bay

There is the natural habitat of polyps of the common jellyfish Aurelia aurita in the Taniyama area, Kagoshima Bay. We examined the attachment substrata, density, colony structure and strobilation of the polyps. The polyps were observed only on the horizontal undersurface of floating piers. They attached specifically to Mytilus shells, solitary ascidians, calcareous polychaete tubes, muddy amphipod tubes and the gap space that fouling animals peeled off the substrata. The polyp colonies were distributed in patches. Spatial distribution patterns of the polyps within their colonies were uniform. Strobilation occurred during late December to March, when water temperatures were 16–17°C, and a large number of ephyrae were released. An increase in man-made structures such as floating piers in coastal areas may lead to bloomings of Aurelia aurita medusae. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Assessment of Marine Clay Improvement Under Reclamation Fills by in-situ Testing Methods

In ground improvement projects with prefabricated vertical drains, the duration of the preloading period is set in advance based on the predetermined time rate of consolidation of the compressible layer. If prediction is accurately done, the required degree of consolidation is met at the pre-determined preloading time. As such, there is a requirement for in-situ tests to be carried out just prior to the removal of surcharge to assess the degree of consolidation of the improved ground. In-situ tests were carried out after 23 months of surcharge loading at the In-Situ Test Site within the Changi East Reclamation Project in the Republic of Singapore. In-situ testing works in this research study comprises the use of field vane shear, piezocone, flat dilatometer and self-boring pressuremeter. The in-situ tests were carried out to determine the shear strength and degree of consolidation of the Singapore marine clay at Changi after 23 months of surcharge loading. The In-Situ Test Site consisted of a Vertical Drain Area as well as an untreated Control Area. Both areas were located adjacent to each other and were surcharged simultaneously to the same level and surcharge left in place for a period of 23 months. Comparison was made between the in-situ test results of the Vertical Drain Area and the untreated Control Area.     

软土地基上静压预制桩承载力的工后增大效应

分析了软土地基上预制桩承载力的时效性机理，介绍了几种研究承载力时效性的经验回归公式，结合工程说明应充分认识承载力时效性的科学性和利用这种规律潜在的巨大经济效益。     

草炭土路基处理方法研究

为选择合适的草炭土路基处理方法，通过理论分析，对工程实例中遇到的草炭土路基，拟定塑料排水板法和砂桩挤密法处理措施，并对两种方法的处理效果进行了对比。研究结果表明砂桩挤密法无论是从提高固结度，加快草炭土路基固结，还是减小工后沉降，保证路基运营稳定方面都要优于塑料排水板法。砂桩挤密法更适用于草炭土路基处理。     

高速铁路桥墩偏移整治工程线上监测及结果分析

高速铁路建成运营后,受外部因素的影响,如在桥墩一侧施工、堆载等,会造成桥墩发生偏移,影响线路的平顺性,严重威胁高速铁路行车安全,需对其进行纠偏整治。本文以某城际高铁K19段高架桥桥墩的偏移整治工程为例,在整治期间,对线上监测点和轨道线形监测,根据监测结果指导施工,直至达到纠偏目标。监测结果表明了监测方案的有效性、正确性,能够对施工起到较好的指导作用,且能够为纠偏是否达到目标提供可靠的判断依据。可为类似高速铁路的纠偏整治及线上监测提供良好的参考。     

强潮流作用下桥墩不对称“双肾型”冲刷地貌特征与机理

本文在海图地形资料分析桥轴线附近的海床自然冲刷的基础上,利用多波束测深技术研究大桥主墩附近局部冲刷地形。结果表明,该大桥桥位附近地形冲刷较显著,且大桥主墩位置有持续冲刷的趋势;主墩上、下游群桩最大冲刷深度呈上游最深、中部淤积、下游渐深的不对称形态,最大局部冲刷深度为4 m;桥墩整体冲刷坑形态呈南北“双肾型”;潮流流向与桥墩迎流面存在偏南的入射角,使得各桥墩南侧的最大冲深和冲刷范围均大于北侧。     

一种基于GA-BP-MC神经网络的高铁桥墩沉降预测模型

提出一种基于马尔科夫链修正的遗传BP神经网络预测模型（GA-BP-MC）,利用遗传算法的全局寻优能力初始化BP神经网络权值和阈值,初步建立GA-BP神经网络预测模型,结合马尔科夫链的无后效性修正模型预测值,形成高精度GA-BP-MC神经网络变形预测模型。结合高铁桥墩沉降数据,分别与BP神经网络、GA-BP神经网络预测模型进行对比,结果表明,该预测模型精度最高。     

松散地基上特大公路桥梁工程勘察与评价

本文通过具体工程实践,对在松散地基上兴建特大型公路桥梁的工程勘察要求、勘探工作布置、墩台基础持力层的选择及对地基评价作了分析、论述,可供同行借鉴与参考     

不同型式暗支撑短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

本文选取短肢剪力墙结构体系中较为薄弱的抗震构件“一”形短肢剪力墙，采用不同的暗支撑型式进行了两个1／2缩尺的带暗支撑短肢剪力墙构件的低周反复荷载试验，比较分析了它们的承载力、刚度、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏机制，建立了其承载力计算模型与方法。计算结果与实测值符合较好。