干旱区尾矿污染环境的植物修复技术研究进展

干旱区矿业废弃地（尤其是尾矿及其污染环境）的治理面临着水资源短缺、土壤贫瘠、盐碱化、植物资源相对匮乏等不利因素的制约,很大程度上阻碍了该区域的生态恢复进程。基于目前国内外在干旱区尾矿污染环境治理方面所开展的研究,本文从植物修复的理论及技术方面进行了初步的综述,重点对比分析了植物提取技术和植物固定技术的优势和不足,并对相关典型应用实例进行了分析评价,最后对国内干旱区尾矿污染环境的治理研究和技术给出建议。     

植物修复在治理矿区重金属污染土壤中的应用

矿业活动是环境中污染土壤的重金属的主要来源,采用植物修复技术具有物理、化学修复方法所无法比拟的费用低廉、不破坏场地结构、不造成地下水的二次污染等优点。文章从植物稳定、植物提取和植物一微生物以及动物的协同修复等三个方面简要介绍了对矿区污染土壤进行植物修复的研究进展。     

Application of Mineral‐Based Amendments for Enhancing Phytostabilization in Lolium perenne L. Cultivation

An experimental investigation is conducted to explore the suitability of Lolium perenne L., diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, and limestone for the phytostabilization of Ni and Cu in contaminated soil. A controlled greenhouse study is conducted. The soil is enriched with rising dose of Cu and Ni, that is, (0, 150, 250, and 350 mg kg^?1) and (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg kg^?1), respectively. The phytostabilization potential of perennial ryegrass is evaluated using a bioaccumulation coefficient and translocation factor. Pseudo‐total and available metal content (0.01 M CaCl₂) in soils and bioaccumulated content in plants are defined in laboratory experiments using spectrophotometry experimental technique. L. perenne is adequate in phytostabilization aided programs, simultaneously, diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, and limestone used as modifiers are effective in reducing the accessibility and mobility of metals in Cu‐ and Ni‐polluted soils. The finding of the present study suggests that the studied element in the roots and above‐ground parts of L. perenne differs significantly upon applying mineral‐based modifications to the soil, synchronously the effect of increasing Cu and Ni levels. Application of dolomite and limestone to the soil cause the highest percentage of the above‐ground biomass. Diatomite along with limestone cause a significant boost of Cu and Ni absorption in the roots. Limestone causes an increase in the contents of K, Na, and Ca, as well as a reduction in P in the above‐ground parts of L. perenne. Limestone and chalcedonite leads to the highest decrease in available Cu and Ni.