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1.
The source and hydrochemical makeup of a stream reflects the connectivity between rainfall, groundwater, the stream, and is reflected to water quantity and quality of the catchment. However, in a semi-arid, thick, loess covered catchment, temporal variation of stream source and event associated behaviours are lesser known. Thus, the isotopic and chemical hydrographs in a widely distributed, deep loess, semi-arid catchment of the northern Chinese Loess Plateau were characterized to determine the source and hydrochemical behaviours of the stream during intra-rainfall events. Rainfall and streamflow were sampled during six hydrologic events coupled with measurements of stream baseflow and groundwater. The deuterium isotope (2H), major ions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+) were evaluated in water samples obtained during rainfall events. Temporal variation of 2H and Cl− measured in the groundwater and stream baseflow prior to rainfall was similar; however, the isotope compositions of the streamflow fluctuated significantly and responded quickly to rainfall events, likely due to an infiltration excess, overland dominated surface runoff during torrential rainfall events. Time source separation using 2H demonstrated greater than 72% on average, the stream composition was event water during torrential rainfall events, with the proportion increasing with rainfall intensity. Solutes concentrations in the stream had loglinear relationships with stream discharge, with an outling anomaly with an example of an intra-rainfall event on Oct. 24, 2015. Stream Cl− behaved nonconservative during rainfall events, temporal variation of Cl− indicated a flush and washout at the onset of small rainfall events, a dilution but still high concentration pattern in high discharge and old water dominated in regression flow period. This study indicates rainfall intensity affects runoff responses in a semi-arid catchment, and the stored water in the thick, loess covered areas was less connected with stream runoff. Solute transport may threaten water quality in the area, requiring further analysis of the performance of the eco-restoration project. 相似文献
2.
3.
The hydraulic behaviour of the karst aquifer in the Hubelj spring catchment area (SW Slovenia) was studied by using an indirect
research method based on natural tracers. The variations of natural tracers (in precipitation and in groundwater) during the
storm event made possible the separation of the Hubelj spring storm hydrograph by the three-component separation technique.
The results produced information on the aquifer recharge, storage and discharge processes, as well as on the mechanisms that
affected them. They verified the so-called epikarst hypothesis presuming that an important part of a karst aquifer recharge
reaches rapidly and intensively from the epikarst zone. It was demonstrated that epikarst water could occupy up to 50% of
the spring discharge during precipitation events. This phenomenon could have important consequences on protection and management
of the problems of karst aquifers, including engineering problems in karst areas. With this respect the results could give
way to new engineering ideas. 相似文献
4.
Y. -K. Tung K. -C. Yeh J. -C. Yang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(2):145-171
Hydrologic regionalization is a useful tool that allows for the transfer of hydrological information from gaged sites to ungaged
sites. This study developed regional regression equations that relate the two parameters in Nash's IUH model to the basin
characteristics for 42 major watersheds in Taiwan. In the process of developing the regional equations, different regression
procedures including the conventional univariate regression, multivariate regression, and seemingly unrelated regression were
used. Multivariate regression and seeming unrelated regression were applied because there exists a rather strong correlation
between the Nash's IUH parameters. Furthermore, a validation study was conducted to examine the predictability of regional
equations derived by different regression procedures. The study indicates that hydrologic regionalization involving several
dependent variables should consider their correlations in the process of establishing the regional equations. The consideration
of such correlation will enhance the predictability of resulting regional equations as compared with the ones from the conventional
univariate regression procedure. 相似文献
5.
K. -C. Yeh J. -C. Yang Y. -K. Tung 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(2):173-192
Hydrologic model parameters obtained from regional regression equations are subject to uncertainty. Consequently, hydrologic
model outputs based on the stochastic parameters are random. This paper presents a systematic analysis of uncertainty associated
with the two parameters, N and K, in Nash's IUH model from different regional regression equations. The uncertainty features
associated with N and K are further incorporated to assess the uncertainty of the resulting IUH. Numerical results indicate
that uncertainty of N and K from the regional regression equations are too significant to be ignored. 相似文献
6.
Hydrologic model parameters obtained from regional regression equations are subject to uncertainty. Consequently, hydrologic
model outputs based on the stochastic parameters are random. This paper presents a systematic analysis of uncertainty associated
with the two parameters, N and K, in Nash's IUH model from different regional regression equations. The uncertainty features
associated with N and K are further incorporated to assess the uncertainty of the resulting IUH. Numerical results indicate
that uncertainty of N and K from the regional regression equations are too significant to be ignored. 相似文献
7.
地貌单位线(GIUH)基于流域地貌特征和概率方法,在我国许多地区得到广泛应用。针对面雨量分布不均问题,通过分析初始概率的变化,考虑GIUH的非线性改正,并用实际资料进行了验证。 相似文献
8.
Effects of forest roads on the hydrological response of a small‐scale mountain watershed in Greece 下载免费PDF全文
The effects of land use changes on the ecology and hydrology of natural watersheds have long been debated. However, less attention has been given to the hydrological effects of forest roads. Although less studied, several researchers have claimed that streamflow changes related to forest roads can cause a persistent and pervasive effect on hillslope hydrology and the functioning of the channel system. The main potential direct effects of forest roads on natural watersheds hydrologic response are runoff production on roads surfaces due to reduced infiltration rates, interruption of subsurface flow by road cutslopes and rapid transfer of the produced runoff to the stream network through roadside ditches. The aforementioned effects may significantly modify the total volume and timing of the hillslope flow to the stream network. This study uses detailed field data, spatial data, hydro‐meteorological records, as well as numerical simulation to investigate the effects of forest roads on the hydrological response of a small‐scale mountain experimental watershed, which is situated in the east side of Penteli Mountain, Attica, Greece. The results of this study highlight the possible effects of forest roads on the watersheds hydrological response that may significantly influence direct runoff depths and peak flow rates. It is demonstrated that these effects can be very important in permeable watersheds and that more emphasis should be given on the impact of roads on the watersheds hydrological response. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Quantifying flows along hydrological pathways by applying a new filtering algorithm in conjunction with master recession curve analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Ronan J. O'Brien Bruce D. Misstear Laurence W. Gill Paul M. Johnston Raymond Flynn 《水文研究》2014,28(26):6211-6221
Quantifying the proportion of the river hydrograph derived from the different hydrological pathways is essential for understanding the behaviour of a catchment. This paper describes a new approach using the output from master recession curve analysis to inform a new algorithm based on the Lyne and Hollick ‘one‐parameter’ signal analysis filtering algorithm. This approach was applied to six catchments (including two subcatchments of these) in Ireland. The conceptual model for each catchment consists of four main flow pathways: overland flow, interflow, shallow groundwater and deep groundwater. The results were compared with those of the master recession curve analysis, a recharge coefficient approach developed in Ireland and the semi‐distributed, lumped and deterministic hydrological model Nedbør‐Afstrømings‐Model. The new algorithm removes the ‘free variable’ aspect that is typically associated with filtering algorithms and provides a means of estimating the contribution of each pathway that is consistent with the results of hydrograph separation in catchments that are dominated by quick response pathways. These types of catchments are underlain by poorly productive aquifers that are not capable of providing large baseflows in the river. Such aquifers underlie over 73% of Ireland, ensuring that this new algorithm is applicable in the majority of catchments in Ireland and potentially in those catchments internationally that are strongly influenced by the quick‐responding hydrological pathways. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Towards more systematic perceptual model development: a case study using 3 Luxembourgish catchments 下载免费PDF全文
Sebastian Wrede Fabrizio Fenicia Núria Martínez‐Carreras Jérôme Juilleret Christophe Hissler Andreas Krein Hubert H. G. Savenije Stefan Uhlenbrook Dmitri Kavetski Laurent Pfister 《水文研究》2015,29(12):2731-2750
The synthesis of experimental understanding of catchment behaviour and its translation into qualitative perceptual models is an important objective of hydrological sciences. We explore this challenge by examining the cumulative understanding of the hydrology of three experimental catchments and how it evolves through the application of different investigation techniques. The case study considers the Huewelerbach, Weierbach and Wollefsbach headwater catchments of the Attert basin in Luxembourg. Subsurface investigations including bore holes and pits, analysis of soil samples and Electrical Resistivity Tomography measurements are presented and discussed. Streamflow and tracer data are used to gain further insights into the streamflow dynamics of the catchments, using end‐member mixing analysis and hydrograph separation based on dissolved silica and electrical conductivity. We show that the streamflow generating processes in all three catchments are controlled primarily by the subsolum and underlying bedrock. In the Huewelerbach, the permeable sandstone formation supports a stable groundwater component with little seasonality, which reaches the stream through a series of sources at the contact zone with the impermeable marls formation. In the Weierbach, the schist formation is relatively impermeable and supports a ‘fill and spill’‐type of flow mechanism; during wet conditions, it produces a delayed response dominated by pre‐event water. In the Wollefsbach, the impermeable marls formation is responsible for a saturation‐excess runoff generating process, producing a fast and highly seasonal response dominated by event water. The distinct streamflow generating processes of the three catchments are represented qualitatively using perceptual models. The perceptual models are in turn translated into quantitative conceptual models, which simulate the hydrological processes using networks of connected reservoirs and transfer functions. More generally, the paper illustrates the evolution of perceptual models based on experimental fieldwork data, the translation of perceptual models into conceptual models and the value of different types of data for processes understanding and model representation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献