地球生物相中的生境型:概念、模式和编图

地球生物相是地球生物学的主要研究内容及其表现形式之一.地球生物相是地史时期地球环境与生物相互作用过程中所记录的一系列生物(有机) 特征的综合.这些生物(有机) 记录是生物与环境相互作用的产物, 可以反映出其动力学过程.地球生物相的研究内容包括生物有机质形成、沉积到埋藏过程中的演化, 并由此可以定量恢复有机质变化的动力学过程.本文主要讨论地球生物相中有机质形成的基础, 即反映初级生产力的生物化石的类别、生物的丰度和分异性、生物的保存状态、生物类群结构分析(如生物的优势类群、特征类群、生物组合或生物群落、生物依存关系等) 等为基础的群落、生境型及初级生产力研究, 提出了碎屑岩海滩、潮坪、障壁-泻湖体系和碳酸盐缓坡、潮坪生境型模式, 并编制了生境型柱状图、断面图和平面图以供研究者参考.      

On the geobiological evaluation of hydrocarbon source rocks

Hydrocarbon source rocks are characterized by the hydrocarbon discharge, and the alteration and variation in organic compositions and organic content due to the enhanced thermal maturation. These variations throw constraints on the application of the conventional inversion evaluation of hydrocarbon potential by assessing the residual organic matter left in source rocks. Geobiology, probing the interaction between the life system and the earth system, provides new principles in deciphering the whole dynamic processes related to the organic evolution history from living biomass to organic burial. Geobiological subdisciplines, including molecular geobiology, geomicrobiology, geoecology and biogeochemistry, offer new methodology and techniques to estimate the paleoproductivity, depositional organics and organic burial capacity and their components. Geobiofacies, newly proposed herein, is terminologized to define the geobiological dynamic processes through the combination of biofacies with organic facies and sedimentary facies, and expressed by the biohabitat types, paleoproductivity, depositional and preserved organics. Geobiofacies is identified as a useful means to create the geobiological evaluation system, which in turn rectifies the conventional evaluation system for the marine source rocks. __________ Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 727–740 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]     

地球生物学方法与海相优质烃源岩形成过程的正演和评价

烃源岩存在生烃和排烃过程, 高-过成熟区还叠加了烃源岩有机质的强烈改造和破坏, 从海相地层残余有机质出发评价烃源岩的反演方法需要进一步完善.以探索生命系统与地球系统相互作用为主题的地球生物学为正演烃源岩形成的动力学过程提供了理论依据.分子地球生物学、地球微生物学、地球生态学和生物地球化学等地球生物学的各分支学科(要素) 为恢复烃源岩形成时的生产力及其组成、沉积有机质的量和类型、有机埋藏量及其过程和类型等提供了技术方法支撑, 分别论述了如何利用地球生物学的技术方法来定量计算原始生产力、沉积有机质和埋藏有机质.表征地球生物学过程的地球生物相则综合和集成了烃源岩生物相、有机相和沉积相的相关信息, 包含了生境型(群落型)、生产力和有机埋藏等定量化指标, 它为建立优质烃源岩的地球生物学评价体系服务.通过烃源岩实验模拟得出的有机质恢复系数对残余有机碳进行恢复, 并与地球生物学得出的埋藏有机质进行量的对比, 由此实现地球生物学方法与传统反演方法的接口和校正.      

Discussion on geobiology, biogeology and geobiofacies

Here we first discuss the definition of and the difference between geobiology and biogeology following a brief introduction of recent geobiology research in China. Geobiology is defined as an interdisciplinary study of life sciences and earth sciences, and biogeology as an interdisciplinary study of biology and geology. Scope of the term geobiology covers that of the term biogeology. Branch interdisciplines of both are listed. We then propose the term geobiofacies, defined as the facies of a geologic body embodying the whole process of interaction between organisms and environments. Differences among geobiofacies, biofacies, and organic facies are discussed. Main parameters defining a geobiofacies include habitat type, biotic composition and productivity, paleo-oxygenation regimes, and early diagenesis phases. Each of them is discussed in detail, and a semi-quantitative assessment of the biogeofacies of source rocks is proposed based on these parameters. A two-fold terminology for geobiofacies is recommended, namely, the biological and environmental aspects of biota and the redox conditions during life-burial-diagenesis process