江西利山金矿床地质特征及控矿构造

本文较系统地阐述了利山金矿床的各项地质特征，并重点就控矿构造问题进行了总结讨论，认为ＮＷＷ向断裂带严格控制了所有金矿体的产出。ＮＮＥ、ＮＮＷ向断裂与ＮＷＷ向断裂带的交汇部位控制了富矿段的产出。在此基础上初步探讨了矿床成因及找矿方向，这对该地区的找矿评价和开发均具有实际意义     

上海及其邻区潜在地质灾害的构造背景与成因机理

本文基于上海及其邻区活动断裂构造及有关地区潜在地质灾害特点的研究,论证了上海及其邻区潜在地质灾害的三种基本类型及其构造背景与成因机理;指出:上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统的存在与活动是诱发有关地区潜在地质灾害的主导因素。文中明确指出了上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统的研究在相关地区进行潜在地质灾害评价与预测方面的应用前景与发展方向。     

海水酸化对厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)外套膜代谢组的急性影响

海洋酸化是当前全球面临的最为紧迫的环境问题之一,已显现出对海洋生物的严重影响。贻贝是我国重要的经济贝类之一,但目前尚缺乏海洋酸化背景下厚壳贻贝的分子响应相关研究。为此,对厚壳贻贝外套膜组织开展了急性酸化条件下的代谢组学分析,以期了解厚壳贻贝在酸化条件下,其外套膜组织的代谢物组成和含量变化。采用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱技术,结合代谢物数据库搜索和鉴定,从厚壳贻贝外套膜中鉴定代谢物总计7882种。与对照组相比,酸化处理后的厚壳贻贝外套膜组织中共有497种代谢物含量发生显著变化(P<0.05),其中,320种差异代谢物显著上调,177种显著下调。差异代谢物富集的代谢通路主要包括脂代谢、信号转导、维生素代谢、核酸代谢、氨基酸代谢以及ABC转运体。结合外套膜游离氨基酸组成分析以及抗氧化活性分析,推测厚壳贻贝通过激活尿素合成、增强细胞膜流动性以及加强渗透压调节和钙离子转运等方式来应对海洋酸化的威胁。上述研究为深入了解贻贝应对海洋酸化的分子策略,以及在海洋酸化大背景下的贻贝健康养殖奠定了基础。     

The influence of salinity on toxicological effects of arsenic in digestive gland of clam Ruditapes philippinarum using metabolomics

Ruditapes philippinarum,a clam that thrives in intertidal zones of various salinities,is a useful biomonitor to marine contaminants.We investigated the influence of dilution to 75% and 50% of normal seawater salinity(31.1) on the responses of the digestive gland of R.philippinarum to arsenic exposure(20 μg/L),using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based metabolomics.After acute arsenic exposure for 48 h,salinity-dependent differential metabolic responses were detected.In normal seawater,arsenic exposure increased the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids,and of threonine,proline,phosphocholine and adenosine,and it decreased the levels of alanine,hypotaurine,glucose,glycogen and ATP in the digestive glands.Differential changes in metabolic biomarkers observed at lower salinity(～23.3) included elevation of succinate,taurine and ATP,and depletion of branched-chain amino acids,threonine and glutamine.Unique effects of arsenic at the lowest salinity(～15.6) included down-regulation of glutamate,succinate and ADP,and up-regulation of phosphocholine.We conclude that salinity influences the metabolic responses of this clam to arsenic.     

基于核磁共振的褐牙鲆幼鱼组织代谢组学分析

基于核磁共振的代谢组学技术是系统生物学研究的重要组成部分,近年来已被广泛应用于海洋生物学中。由于海洋环境具有高盐度的特点,海洋生物与其他生物相比,体内代谢物浓度差异极大。通常来说,海洋生物为应对高盐度的海水环境,其体内的渗透调节物,例如牛磺酸、甜菜碱、氮氧三甲胺等的浓度往往是其他代谢物的数百倍,造成体内代谢物所占代谢组权重的极不均衡。因此,选择合适的代谢组数据预处理方法,是准确分析海洋生物代谢组差异的关键。本研究以褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼为研究对象,经低盐胁迫48小时后,利用一维核磁共振氢谱,分析了褐牙鲆幼鱼全组织在低盐胁迫后的代谢组变化,比较了三种不同预处理方法 (单位方差换算、帕莱托换算与对数化-中心化处理)对于低盐胁迫诱导的代谢响应分析的差异。结果表明,褐牙鲆幼鱼体内的渗透调节物-氮氧三甲胺浓度是其他代谢物浓度的200倍以上,而低盐胁迫可诱导褐牙鲆幼鱼体内显著的代谢响应。其中,对数化-中心化处理的代谢组数据,经正交偏最小二乘判别分析后,能发现8个低盐胁迫诱导的差异代谢物(不含1个未知代谢物),与代谢物定量结果一致,多于其他两种预处理方法 (单位方差换算、帕莱托换算)的代谢组分析结果,适合用于褐牙鲆代谢组学分析。以上研究结果为褐牙鲆代谢组数据的准确分析提供了方法学依据。     

我国单一萤石矿床地质概要

我国单一萤石矿床 ,成矿大地造单元主要为华南造山带和北山内蒙吉林造山系。酸性岩浆岩和碳酸盐岩及断裂构造与成矿关系密切。成因类型有热液充填型和热水沉积型两种 ,以前者为主 ,热液充填型矿床 ,矿体主要呈脉状、透镜状 ,以大中型矿床为主 ,成矿介质为大气降水 ,成矿温度为中低温 ,成矿时代为中生代 ;热水沉积型矿床 ,矿体呈层状 ,规模为大型 ,成矿时代为二叠纪。氟主要源于酸性岩浆岩 ,钙主要源于碳酸盐岩。可划分出 6个成矿区带 ,酸性岩浆岩、碳酸盐岩及断裂是主要控矿因素     

试论龙永煤田之倾向断层

龙永煤田构造复杂，褶曲发育。前人对于发育于各井田内的倾向断层之研究却甚少。笔者通过对煤田内倾向断层特征、成因机制及对煤炭开采的影响的研究，认为对正确识别煤田构造、优化煤矿开采设计有实际意义。     

黄丝藻细胞代谢物提取方法的比较研究

利用代谢物组学技术有助于更为深入地了解不分枝丝状微藻黄丝藻细胞的生物学特性。本研究比较了3种黄丝藻细胞破碎方法(冻融法、超声破碎法、液氮研磨法)以及基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的3种黄丝藻代谢物提取系统(冷甲醇、热乙醇、甲醇/氯仿法),以期为黄丝藻细胞的代谢组学分析奠定基础。结果显示:液氮研磨法处理下的黄丝藻细胞破碎效果最佳;根据提取到的代谢物的种类角度出发,冷甲醇法的提取效果要明显优于其他2种提取方法。在黄丝藻细胞中共检测到40种代谢物,包括9种氨基酸、17种有机酸、12种糖类和2种醇类物质。     

Metabolomic Fingerprint of the Model Ciliate,Tetrahymena thermophila Determined by Untargeted Profiling Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The ciliate Tetrahymena is a valuable model organism in the studies of ecotoxicology. Changes in intracellular metabolism are caused by exogenous chemicals in the environment. Intracellular metabolite changes signify toxic effects and can be monitored by metabolomics analysis. In this work, a protocol for the GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena was established. Different extraction solvents showed divergent effects on the metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena thermophila. The peak intensity of metabolites detected in the samples of extraction solvent Formula 1(F1) was the strongest and stable, while 61 metabolites were identified. Formula 1 showed an excellent extraction performance for carbohydrates. In the samples of extraction solvent Formula 2(F2), 66 metabolites were characterized, and fatty acid metabolites were extracted. Meanwhile, 57 and 58 metabolites were characterized in the extraction with Formula 3(F3) and Formula 4(F4), respectively. However, the peak intensity of the metabolites was low, and the metabolites were unstable. These results indicated that different extraction solvents substantially affected the detected coverage and peak intensity of intracellular metabolites. A total of 74 metabolites(19 amino acids, 11 organic acids, 2 inorganic acids, 11 fatty acids, 11 carbohydrates, 3 glycosides, 4 alcohols, 6 amines, and 7 other compounds) were identified in all experimental groups. Among these metabolites, amino acids, glycerol, myoinositol, and unsaturated fatty acids may become potential biomarkers of metabolite set enrichment analysis for detecting the ability of T. thermophila against environmental stresses.