硫化锑溶胶的电动电位研究

溶胶的电动电位是溶胶发生电动现象的主要原因,它的大小直接影响溶胶的稳定性。本文采用界面移动法研究了溶胶的浓度,电极的种类以及不同的辅助液和硫化锑溶胶的电动电位之间的关系。     

Fundamental aspects of prolonged electrokinetic flows in kaolinites

Electrokinetic flows include the migration of fluid, chemicals, fine particles, bacteria, and electrons through a soil–fluid–chemical system driven by an externally applied direct-current (d.c.) electric field. The promising potential of electrokinetic remediation of contaminated fine-grained soils has stimulated recent interest in the study of electrokinetic flow processes, in particular the impact of a prolonged application of a d.c. electric field on fine-grained soils. The results of a bench-scale laboratory experimental investigation on some of the fundamental aspects of prolonged electrokinetic flows in kaolinites, including gas generation rates at power electrodes, electrochemical behaviour of the soil–fluid–chemical system, time variation of electric current intensity flowing through the soil, pH gradient development in the soil, effects of reservoir chemistry on electro-osmotic fluid volume flow rate and flow direction through the soil, time variation of electro-osmotic volume flow rate, and energy requirements per unit volume of fluid transported, are presented in this paper. Effects of soil type and pore fluid chemistry on these aspects were also studied.     

微乳液毛细管电动色谱

从微乳液的组成、性质及其在高效毛细管电泳中的应用等几个方面论述了近8年来微乳液毛细管电动色谱的发展。     

Electrokinetic phenomena associated with a water injection experiment at the Nojima fault on Awaji Island, Japan

Abstract Self-potential variations were measured to estimate the magnitude of electrokinetic and hydrological parameters (zeta potential and permeability) of the Nojima Fault zone in Awaji, Japan. The study observed self-potential variations that seemed to be associated with water flow from the injection well to the fracture zone, which were induced by turning the injection on and off. Amplitudes of the variations were a few to 0.03 V across 320–450 m dipoles. These variations can be explained well with an electrokinetic model. The quantity k/ζ (permeability/zeta potential) is in the range 1.6 × 10⁻¹³− 5.4 × 10⁻¹³ m²/V. Permeability of the Nojima fault zone can be estimated as approximately 10⁻¹⁶–10⁻¹⁵ m² on the assumption that the zeta potential is in the range –0.01 to –0.001 V.     

湖北钟祥累托石粘土造浆机理及影响造浆率因素研究

本文从累托石的晶体化学特征出发,依据双电层理论和累托石的动电性质[ζ电位--48mV(pH=8)],阐明累托石与水作用,形成稳定的凝胶结构原理,论证累托石是一种优质钻井泥浆原料,它的凝胶性能优于膨润土。通过造浆试验、化学分析、 X射线衍射分析及电镜观察,查明影响本区累托石矿石造浆率的主要因素是;累托石含量、结晶度、粒度、形态、伴生矿物及pH值。     

One-dimensional electrokinetic stabilization of dredged mud

Reuse of dredged marine sediments for land reclamation is a sustainable method for disposing the large quantities of dredged spoil, accumulating every year worldwide. However, due to their high water content and low permeability, dewatering and self-sedimentation of the material takes a long time to be completed. Therefore, different methods, such as prefabricated vertical drains and vacuum preloading, are used to improve the consolidation properties of the dredged mud at the port of Brisbane. Among these stabilization methods, vacuum preloading is determined as the most effective method to increase the consolidation of the dredged mud. However, clogging during vacuum consolidation is undesirable. Therefore, electrokinetic stabilization draws attention since it is an environmentally friendly and time efficient method to dewater and consolidate dredged mud significantly. The effectiveness of the electrokinetic stabilization depends on the properties of the soil and the electrode configurations. One-dimensional and two-dimensional electrode configurations are the most popular configurations. In this study, the effect of one-dimensional electrode configuration, which is installation of electrodes in arrays of anodes and cathodes on consolidation parameters of dredged mud, is investigated. Based on this study, the dredged mud sediments can be stabilized using one-dimensional electrokinetic stabilization which resulted in improving compression index and coefficient of volume compressibility and reduction of soil plasticity index.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定海底表层沉积物中的苯系化合物

用胶束电动毛细管色谱法对海底表层沉积物中的苯系化合物进行了分析测定。采用57cm×50μm毛细管柱，以50mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠-2.0mmol/L四硼酸钠溶液（pH9.16）作为操作缓冲溶液，并加入φ=20%的甲醇作为有机改性剂，电压25kV，检测波长200nm，15min内苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯可获得良好的分离。用峰面积定量，线性范围为2～100mg/L，最小检测浓度分别为0.75mg/L苯，0.45mg/L甲苯，0.39mg/L乙苯，0.1mg/L邻-二甲苯，0.31mg/L对-二甲苯。将该法用来分析石油勘探远景区域海底表层沉积物中的苯系化合物，检测浓度范围为(0.0x～0.x)μg/g。     

Electrokinetic effect in the near-surface layers of the Earth

The electric field in the near-surface layers of a spherically symmetrical Earth was calculated. This electric field is generated by electrokinetic processes in a water-saturated porous medium deformed by lunisolar tides. An exact analytical solution of the Frenkel’ equations describing electrokinetic phenomena is found. Data of observations of the horizontal components of the electric field are processed. The main harmonics of diurnal and semidiurnal tides are identified in accordance with the theory.     

Bioleaching behavior and surface property of pyrites in different metallogenic conditions

The bioleaching behaviors and surface properties of pyrites in two metallogenic conditions by Sulfoba- cillus thermosulfidooxidans were investigated by adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements and bioleaching ex- periments. It is found that there were significant differences in the microorganism adsorption capacity, electrokinetic properties and bioleaching behaviors for the two pyrites. The S. thermosulfidooxidans adsorption capacity on high temperature hydrothermal （hy high_temp） pyrite is larger than that on sendimentary coal （sed_coal） pyrite. It may be that more extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） is produced when it is difficult for microorganism to make use of hy high temp pyrite as source of energy, and get leaching bacteria attached to pyrite by means of EPS. The zeta-potential measurements indicated that zeta-potential value of hy_high_temp pyrite was higher than that of seal_coal pyrite in pH range of 2-10. After interacting with cells, the IEP （Iso-Electric Point） of hy_high_temp pyrite shifted obviously to that of bacterial. In contrast, the IEP of sed coal pyrite remained unchanged nearly. The bioleaching results showed that hy high_temp pyrite did not dissolve and the leaching extent was only 0.82%, while that of sed_coal pyrite was 34.59%. Attempts were taken to illustrate the remarkable difference between bioleaching results of two pyrites from a semiconductor energy band theory perspective.