Muon density measurements with the KASCADE central detector

Frequency distributions of local muon densities in high-energy extensive air showers (EAS) are presented as signature of the primary cosmic ray energy spectrum in the knee region. Together with the gross shower variables like shower core position, angle of incidence, and the shower sizes, the KASCADE experiment is able to measure local muon densities for two different muon energy thresholds. The spectra have been reconstructed for various core distances, as well as for particular subsamples, classified on the basis of the shower size ratio N_μ/N_e. The measured density spectra of the total sample exhibit clear kinks reflecting the knee of the primary energy spectrum. While relatively sharp changes of the slopes are observed in the spectrum of EAS with small values of the shower size ratio, no such feature is detected at EAS of large N_μ/N_e ratio in the energy range of 1–10 PeV. Comparing the spectra for various thresholds and core distances with detailed Monte Carlo simulations the validity of EAS simulations is discussed.     

Variability of Soft X—ray Spectral Shape in Blazars Observed by ROSAT

1 INTRODUCTION Blazars, including BL Lac objects, highly polarized and optically violently variable quasars,and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), are characterized by highly variable non-thermalemission which dominates their characteristics from radio to y-ray bands. The mechanismbelieved to be responsible for their broadband emission is synchrotron radiation followed by in-verse Compton (IC) scattering at higher energies (e.g. Blandford & Konigl 1979). Relativisticbeaming of a jet…     

山东内生金矿矿床谱系及其致矿地质异常

矿床谱系是对成矿多样性的理论概括,而成矿多样性又是由不同级别、不同性质的致矿地质异常决定的.本文论述了山东省内生金矿矿床谱系及其致矿地质异常.     

利用高光谱数据进行植被生化成分反演方法研究

高光谱数据包含着丰富光谱信息,能够定量地分析物质成分^[1]。由高光谱数据,可以运用多元逐步线性回归方法反演植被生化组分含量,从而达到监测植被生长状况的目的^[2]。本文具体介绍了多元逐步线性回归方法,及其在氮、木质素和纤维素含量估算中的应用。     

Observations of High Resolution Spectra of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) at the SAO of the RAS

We present the results of the preliminary study of the comet Hale-Bopp spectrum obtained April 17, 1997 by K. Churyumov and F. Mussayev with the help of the 1-meter Zeiss reflector and the echelle spectrometer (spectral resolutionλ/Δ λ ≈ 50000), CCD and the long slit, oriented along the radius-vector(“Sun-comet direction”). Energy distributions for three selected regions including the C₃, C₂ (0-0) and CN(Δ ν = 0) molecules emissions of the comet Hale-Bopp spectrum were built. The rotational lines of the CN(Δ ν = 0) band were identified. The nature of the high emission peak near λ 4020 Å in the C₃ band is discussed. The presence of the cometary continuum of the nonsolar origin is assumed.     

大菱鲆幼鱼视网膜结构及不同光谱下视蛋白基因表达特征的研究

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是中国重要的养殖鱼类之一, 其生活史经历不同的栖息地和光环境, 视觉器官结构及视觉功能也具有适应性发育特征和可塑性。本研究以不同发育阶段的大菱鲆幼鱼为对象, 探究了其视网膜结构变化、视蛋白基因的表达特征及其与光谱之间的关系。结果表明, 随着大菱鲆幼鱼的生长发育, 其视网膜的外核层逐渐变厚; 视锥视杆层的厚度变化不明显; 而内核层与神经节细胞层逐渐变薄。视紫红质基因rh1与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例上升, 由2月龄的57.35%上升到9月龄77.19%; 视锥蛋白基因与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例下降; 其中红视蛋白基因lws 由2月龄的4.49%下降至9月龄的0.13%。将7月龄的大菱鲆幼鱼用不同光谱处理75 d后, 其视蛋白基因的表达会随光谱环境的变化而发生改变。与全光谱相比, rh2b1、sws2、sws1在红、黄光下的表达量显著下降, 而rh2b1在蓝、绿光下表达显著上升、sws2在绿光下表达显著上升, 其他则变化不显著(P<0.05)。黄、绿、蓝及全光谱下rh2基因家族与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例最高, 而红光下基因rh1的表达量占比最高。大菱鲆幼鱼在不同阶段以及不同光谱处理下表现出了视蛋白基因表达的可塑性以适应不同水层的光谱环境。本研究为探究大菱鲆对光环境的适应机制及工厂化养殖光照调控技术的建立提供理论参考。     

海浪的条件特征周期

在海浪波面高度为正态分布的假定下,导出一种以给定波高为条件的条件周期概率密度函数.与风浪槽中测量数据比较,结果表明,在窄谱情况下此概率密度函数与实验室风浪的实际符合良好.根据此密度函数定义了3种条件特征周期,并导出它们与平均周期的关系式.根据这些关系对有关海洋工程上的一些问题作了解释和讨论.     

JONSWAP谱和N谱的几个对应特征量间的关系

研究了风浪频谱ＪＯＮＳＷＡＰ谱的峰度因子γ、尖度因子Ｐｊ和Ｎ谱尖度因子ＰＮ，参变量ｐ，ｑ间的关系；并在此关系上给出了由这两种谱计算的几个对应参量间的关系，在使用不同的谱形进行特征量的计算时，应注意不同频谱间的成长因子致性，以免引起计算结果的错误。     

The wave transformation and breaking phenomena in shallow water

Ｔｈｅｗａｖｅｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｂｒｅａｋｉｎｇｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａｉｎｓｈａｌｌｏｗｗａｔｅｒ￥ＬｉＹｕｃｈｅｎｇ（１．ＤａｌｉａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｄａｌｉａｎ１１６０２３，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：...     

浙江西沪港重金属铜的配位容量和形态分析

根据2000年6月10～14日在浙江省西沪港采集的海水样品,利用AA-800石墨炉原子吸收分光光度技术和阳极溶出伏安法测定样品中重金属铜的含量,获得铜在海水中受不同的有机配体控制.不同粒级的铜表观配位容量表明西沪港海水过孔径1.00μm微孔膜的(ACuCC)较高,为144.4nmol/dm3;过0.40和0.20μm滤膜的(ACuCC)分别为103.0和102nmol/dm3;铜的有机配体条件稳定常数的对数值在7.25～9.14之间.铜的总量为21.72nmol/dm3.铜全部为稳定溶解态,其中pH2酸溶态占95.0%,强有机结合态占5.0%.溶解态铜中有机结合态占过滤海水中总铜的61.6%.