贵州绥阳阴河洞洞穴壶穴的演化过程

通过对贵州绥阳寒武系中上统娄山关组中发育洞穴之阴河洞地下河河床基岩面上49个壶穴进行详细测量和统计学定量分析,对其形态特征及空间分布进行描述,并探讨其形成演化过程和影响因素。主要结论为：阴河洞壶穴的整体形态以极浅的倒“Ω”型和“锅”型壶穴为主,并且壶穴发育相对较年轻;壶穴长短轴具有一定的相关性,但平均口径与深度的相关性较差,说明壶穴在发育的过程在洪水期以口径增大为主,枯水期以溶蚀深度加深为主,且表现为地下河河床下切的形式之一;从发育阶段看,阴河洞壶穴的形成演化主要分为3个阶段：“碟型”壶穴形成阶段;倒“Ω”型壶穴发育阶段;“锅”型壶穴发育阶段,其形成主要受水动力条件、构造条件、推移质、基岩性质和溶蚀作用等因素耦合的作用;洞穴壶穴主要是流水的侵—溶蚀作用形成的,并非冰川作用的结果,与“冰臼”的发育存在本质上的区别。     

磁敏感加权成像临床应用和在血管瘤评估中的研究进展

磁敏感加权成像是一种近年发展的MRI新技术,在中枢神经系统疾病中的诊断及鉴别诊断中的重要作用已经得到了广大临床大夫的认可,具有很高的应用价值和拓展前景。SWI作为常规MRI检查的重要补充序列,采用3D梯度回波扫描,完全速度补偿,射频脉冲扰相等技术,具有三维、高分辨率、高信噪比的特点,可以更好地分析软组织血管瘤的结构成分,鉴别活动性出血、机化血栓、钙化及铁沉积等。而且SWI相位图能够清楚显示瘤体内部新生血管、瘤体周围静脉血管位置和形态改变,更有利于准确评估病变范围及程度,为血管瘤定位及定性诊断可以提供更多的影像信息,对于临床诊断及治疗方案的制定、预后评估都具有重要的应用价值。     

Cavernous Weathering in Aeolian Sandstones: An Example from the Yongningshan Hill of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Cavernous weathering is commonly found on sandstone slopes in different environments. Either a single dominant process or polygenetic agents require to be invoked in order to interpret the development. The Yongningshan hill of the central Loess Plateau is representative of cliff dwellings in Northwest China, which is characterized by well-developed cavernous weathering features and provides a good opportunity for the better understanding of sandstone weathering in the Loess Plateau. Multiple methods, including field survey, in-situ rock strength measurement, along with experiments on samples for microscopic observation, element composition and salt chemistry, were employed to investigate the controlling factors of cavernous weathering. The results show that cavern development is different on the four slopes with the western slope hosting massive honeycombs, tafoni and hardened surfaces. The porous and permeable aeolian sandstones are fundamental, because they provide space and pathways for the transportation of water and salt, honeycombs dominantly aligning within the lamination of cross-beds. The environmental factors such as the seasonal wetting and drying cycle, aeolian salt, moisture and water vapor are key factors for the development of cavernous weathering forms. The northern and northwestern wind-blown dust storms have brought abundant salts, the lengthier dry periods of the wetting and drying cycle being beneficial for salt accumulation within caverns, favoring salt weathering.     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤影像学表现

目的总结并分析海绵窦海绵状血管瘤(CSHas)的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析了6经手术病理证实的发生于海绵窦部的绵状血管瘤影像学资料结果6例病变中4例表现为T1稍低信号,2例表现为等信号,4例在平扫CT中为稍高密度影,增强扫描所有病例均呈现不均匀的明显对比增强。结论海绵窦部的海绵状血管瘤的影像表现有一定特点,有助于海绵窦部占位病变的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

丹霞山陡坡上风化洞穴的基本特征及成因探讨

风化洞穴在全球不同气候区广泛发育,其形成过程和主控因素是地貌学研究的热点问题,但形成机制至今仍存在不少争议,尤其对丹霞地貌区风化洞穴的研究还较少。丹霞山是世界自然遗产地“中国丹霞”的典型代表,陡坡上发育形态和规模各异的风化洞穴,是丹霞地貌的重要景观要素,为认识亚热带湿润气候风化洞穴成因提供了良好的机会。文章以丹霞山砾岩和砂岩陡坡上的5处典型风化洞穴为研究对象,利用野外考察、形态测量、气象监测、样品显微观察及盐化学实验等方法,在已有研究的基础上进一步对湿润气候丹霞地貌区风化洞穴的特征和成因进行探讨。结果表明：1）在砾岩中发育的洞穴一般个体形态较大,洞穴具有较明显的向上和向内生长趋势;砂岩中发育的洞穴大多密集排列,形态较小,常具有蜂巢结构。2）岩石性质是洞穴发育的基本影响因素,在宏观尺度上决定了洞穴的发育位置和排列方式,也决定了不同岩性下发育的风化洞穴的形态特征。在微观尺度上,岩石含有较多长石、钙质胶结物等易溶矿物组分,在酸性雨水渗流过程中发生化学溶解,加上盐结晶作用导致岩石微观结构破坏,诱发洞穴初始形成。3）洞穴尺寸变大后,洞穴内适宜的微气候是洞穴演化的关键因素,为水和盐的聚集及盐风化提...     

New challenges for tafoni research. A new approach to understand processes and weathering rates

Cavernous tafoni‐type weathering is a common and conspicuous global feature, creating artistic sculptures, which may be relevant for geochemical budgets. Weathering processes and rates are still a matter of discussion. Field evidence in the type locality Corsica revealed no trend of size variability from the coast to subalpine elevations and the aspect of tafoni seems to be governed primarily by the directions of local fault systems and cleavage, and only subordinately by wind directions or the aspect of insulation. REM analysis of fresh tafone chips confirmed mechanical weathering by the crystallization of salts, as conchoidal fracturing of quartz is observed. The salts are only subordinately provided by sea spray, as calcium and sodium sulfates rather than halite dominate even close to the coast. Characteristic element ratios compare well with aerosols from mixed African and European air masses. Sulfates are largely derived from Sahara dust, indicated by their sulfur isotopic composition. Salt crystals form by capillary rise within the rock and subsequent crystallization in micro‐cracks and at grain boundaries inside rain‐protected overhangs. Siderophile bacteria identified by raster electron microscopy (REM) analysis of tafone debris contribute to accelerated weathering of biotite and tiny sulfide ore minerals. By applying ¹⁰Be‐exposure dating, weathering rates of large mature tafone structures were found to be about an order of magnitude higher than those on the exposed top of the affected granite blocks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进Morlet小波的MP算法在地震频谱分析中的应用

对地震信号的时频分析,Morlet小波是在时频联合域内具有最好分辨率的解析小波.介绍了基于Morlet小波的匹配追踪算法的原理,在此基础上改进了时频原子库,并增加了参数k来调节Morlet小波的带宽.对比了基于Morlet小波的匹配追踪(MP)算法与传统STFT时频分析方法,理论模型表明,该算法具有更高的时频分辨率;对...     

碳酸盐岩洞穴充填物及其充填程度的测井判别方法

近年来在新疆塔里木盆地发现了超亿吨级的碳酸盐岩大型油气田,洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层是其非常重要的储层类型之一,而此类储层的有效性取决于洞穴中充填物及充填程度,由于此储层中的洞穴横向变化可延伸至几米甚至几十米,远远超过了仪器的探测深度,因此对它的充填程度及其充填物的有效识别仍是目前待攻关的难题。通过分析不同充填程度、不同充填物的洞穴在常规测井曲线、电成像和阵列声波图像上的响应特征以及交会图分析法来识别洞穴充填物的性质,并结合钻井、录井、试井及地震等方面的识别标志,将洞穴型储层划分为完全充填洞穴储层、半充填以及未充填洞穴储层。      

Linking weathering and rock slope instability: non‐linear perspectives

Weathering is linked complexly to the erosion and evolution of rock slopes. Weathering influences both the strength of rock slopes and the stresses that act upon them. While weathering has often been portrayed in an over‐simplified way by those studying rock slope instability, in reality it consists of multiple processes, acting over different spatial and temporal scales, with many complex inter‐linkages. Through a demonstration of the sources of non‐linearities in rock slope weathering systems and their implications for rock slope instability, this paper proposes five key linkages worthy of further study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海绵窦动静脉瘘的CT诊断

目的为了进一步认识海绵窦动静脉瘘的发生与发展,提高临床及CT诊断的准确率.方法眼眶水平位CT平扫加增强扫描.结果扩张变形的海绵窦与曲张的眼上静脉在同一层面清晰显示.此为海绵窦动静脉瘘的特征影像.结论海绵窦动静脉瘘的CT诊断,简便易行,经济实用,应为海绵窦动静脉瘘影像诊断的首选.