介质横向不均匀对震后地表位移场的影响

利用三维有限元模拟两层地球模型(包括弹性层和粘弹性层)介质的横向不均匀和断层错动的复杂性对震后地表位移场的影响，其数值结果包括弹性解和粘弹性解。结果表明，震后位移场的分布特征不仅与粘弹性层的流变特性有关，还与弹性层介质的剪切模量以及断层的同震错动有关。     

Periodic orbits of an electric charge in a magnetic dipole field

Periodic orbits in the Stormer problem are studied using the symmetry lines of the Poincaré map introduced by De Vogelaere. Many known facts are explained by mean of these lines. The dynamics of four special symmetry lines when the Stormer parameter ₁ changes is presented, and we obtain a clear global view of the structure of the simple periodic orbits and their bifurcations, including the asymmetrical ones. New asymmetrical multiple periodic orbits are obtained.     

The newest observational evidence on asymmetrical deformation of the Earth

IntroductionWhat is the shape of the Earth? Does it change continuously? It is a scientific question since the ancient times and is still being observed and explored at present. In 250 BC, Greek scholar Eratosthene supposed the shape of the Earth to be spherical according to the observations to the Sun and estimated the perimeter of the Earth to be 4 000 km (King-Hele, 1976) according to the camel-walking distance. Until the 16th century, the Earth was considered to be a very symmetrical …     

Displacement analytical prediction of shallow tunnel based on unified displacement function under slope boundary

For slope condition of ground surface, the asymmetrical deformation about the vertical center line and the horizontal center line of the tunnel cross section can be formed. A unified displacement function expressed by the Fourier series is presented to express the asymmetrical deformation of the tunnel cross section. Five basic deformation modes corresponding to the expansion order 2 are a complete deformation mode to reflect deformation behaviors of the tunnel cross section under slope boundary. Such this complete displacement mode is implemented into the complex variable solution for analytically predicting tunneling-induced ground deformation under slope boundary. All of these analytical solutions are verified by good agreements of the comparison between the analytical solutions and finite element method results. A parameter study is carried out to investigate the influence of deformation modes of the tunnel cross section, geometrical conditions of the tunnel and the slope angle, and “Buoyancy effect” on the displacement field. Finally, the proposed method is consistent with measured data of the Hejie tunnel in China qualitatively. The presented solution can provide a simplified indication for evaluating the ground deformation under slope condition of ground surface.     

以高山站为背景研究城市化对气温变化趋势的影响

本文基于1957~2005年的逐日气象资料,对比分析了中国东部7组高山气象站和山下附近的城市气象站年 与四季气温变化趋势.在此基础上,利用高山站作为气候变化背景场来分析城市化对平均气温、最高气温、最低气温变化趋势影响的性质和程度,及其对气温变化非对称性的影响.结果表明:平均气温和最低气温变化趋势城市站多比高山站大,而最高气温变化趋势高山站多比城市站大;城市站最低气温变化趋势均大于最高气温变化趋势,具有明显的非对称性现象,而高山站这种表现十分微弱.城市站气温变化受到明显的城市化影响,对于平均气温和最低气温以正影响为主,而对于最高气温为负影响为主,说明城市化对气温变化的影响也存在非对称性.城市化影响的非对称性是气温变化非对称性形成的主要因素.     

武汉市城市热岛强度非对称性变化

利用武汉市区气象站及其周边4个县气象站1960-2005年的气温资料,计算了46 a及分时段的季节和年平均气温、平均最高和最低气温倾向率,城市热岛强度倾向率及其贡献率。结果表明：46 a来,城区和郊区的平均气温均以上升趋势为主,最低气温增幅最大,最高气温增幅最小,甚至下降;冬季增幅最快,夏季增幅最慢,甚至下降,这是第一类非对称性。 城市热岛效应也存在增强趋势,以年平均、最低和最高气温表示的城市热岛强度倾向率分别为0.235℃/10 a、0.425℃/10 a和0.034℃/10 a,热岛效应贡献率分别达到60.4%、67.7%和21.8%,这是第二类非对称性。 46 a来的增温和城市热岛强度加强主要是最近23 a快速增温所致,进入本世纪增温进一步加剧。 摘要 计算了武汉市气象站、周边4县气象站平均的1960～2005年间以及前后两半时段四季和年平均、最高、最低气温倾向率,城市热岛强度倾向率和贡献率。结果表明：1）46年来,城区和郊区的平均气温均以增趋势为主,平均气温倾向率为正,最低气温增幅最大,最高气温增幅最小甚至下降,冬季增幅最快,夏季增幅最慢甚至下降,这是第一类非对称性;2）城市热岛效应也存在增趋势,以年平均、最低、最高气温表示的城市热岛强度倾向率分别为0.235、0.425、0.034 ℃/10a,热岛效应贡献率分别达到60.4%、67.7%、21.8%,这是第二类非对称性,3）46年来的增温和城市热岛强度加强主要是后23年快速增温所致,前23年气温变化不明显。武汉市气象站气温资料严重地保留着城市化影响,建议尽快迁站。 关键词 城市热岛强度 最高气温 最低气温 非对称性变化     

对称和非对称载荷下声发射特征的数值模拟研究

利用自行开发的岩石破裂过程分析RFPA^2D系统，研究了对称载荷和非对称载荷下岩样的破坏过程以及破坏过程中所呈现的声发射特征。数值模拟结果演示两种条件下由微破裂诱致宏观破坏的演化过程以及和微破裂相关的声发射事件源的空间分布特征和事件序列特征。数值模拟结果指出，和对称载荷压缩实验相比，两者的最大区别在于在非对称载荷压缩实验中局部的剪切破坏的发生以及一个更加局部化的声发射事件源分布。从物理意义上讲非对称载荷实验提供了在预定破裂路径下研究脆性破坏的方法，从声发射研究方面来说非对称实验比对称实验能更好地观察声发射事件源的局部化。     

DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF ASYMMETRIC SPIRAL RAINBANDS AROUND THE LANDING OF TYPHOON HAITANG (2005)

By using WRF mesoscale model, this paper carries out a numerical simulation and diagnostic analysis of the structural characteristics of the asymmetric spiral rain bands around the landing of Typhoon Haitang during the period of July 19 to 20, 2005. The result indicated that the two rainbands associated with the precipitation centre was mainly located northeast of the typhoon centre. The movement and intensity of the southern rainband corresponded well with the 850-hPa positive vorticity band from 0200 to 1800 UTC July 19, 2005. Under the effect of cyclonic circulation, the positive vorticity band at 850 hPa connected with a southern rain band, leading to the intensification of rainfall in the southern centre of the precipitation. The southward rainband gradually moved toward and then merges with the northward one, strengthening the rainfall in the northern centre of the precipitation. Besides, the relationship between the heavy rainfall and the divergence field of vertical shear wind in the high altitude is analyzed. Finally, the relationship is revealed between the development of the vertical component of convective vorticity vector and the rainfall near the two centres of precipitation in the low altitude.     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRICAL STRUCTURE OF TYPHOON AERE'S PRECIPITATION

The structural characteristics of 2004 typhoon Aere’s precipitation are analyzed using the high-resolution data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) of the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA). It is found that the typhoon’s characteristics vary at different stages of its development. To analyze the asymmetric causation of precipitation distribution, data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis are used to calculate the vertical integral of the water vapor flux vector. The results show that because of this process, along with the unique phenomenon of twin-typhoon circulation, the easterly air current of the typhoon’s northern side and the southwesterly air current of its southern side play a joint role in transporting water vapor. Furthermore, its transport effects vary greatly at the different stages of development, showing the peculiarity of the water source for this typhoon process. The distributions of the typhoon convection area—characterized by heavy precipitation and a maximum-value area of the water vapor flux, as well as a strong ascending-motion area—differ at different stages of the typhoon’s development. The non-uniform distribution of water vapor flux and the vertical motion bring about asymmetrical distribution of the typhoon precipitation.     

一种事件沉积的标志——陆相流水波痕

本文从现代洪水事件作用可以形成大片不对称流水波痕入手,“将今论古”,发现古代地层剖面中也有大量水下至水上的沉积旋回序列,每个旋回单元与下伏岩层为突变接触。水下沉积环境富含不对称流水波痕,水上则为富含泥裂,它们系为洪水事件沉积产物。这些洪水事件具有不同的规模和级别,在地学上具有重要意义。