Effect of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cell proliferation in marine micro algae

The ratio of nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) is known to affect cell proliferation of some marine micro algae. We evaluated the effect of N/P ratios on the proliferation and succession of phytoplankton using five marine micro algae species. We used two sources of nitrogen, NH4Cl (N1) and urea (N2), and a single source of phosphorous, NaH2PO4(P). The optimal N/P ratio that differed among the five species was affected by the source of nitrogen, being as follows (N1/P, N2/P in order): Thalassiosira sp. (30/1, 20/1),...     

Phylogenetic analysis of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae

Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gloiopeltis furcata, Mazzaella sp. and Porphyra yezoensis, by analyzing the sequences of 16 S r RNA gene libraries. Healthy individuals of all macroalgae species were collected in winter from a farm at Dalian, China. The results showed that the epibacterial communities were mainly dominated by α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochaetes and ε-Proteobacteria were also found. The majority of cloned sequences shared the greatest similarity to those of culturable organisms. A large portion of sequences from the α-Proteobacteria homed in Roseobacter clade, i.e., genera Ahrensia, Roseovarius, Litoreibacter, Octadecabacter, Thaiassobacter and Sulfitobacter, while members of Bacteroidetes mainly belonged to family Flavobacteriaceae. The cloned sequences could be separated into 66 OTUs at 0.01 distance value, and rare common OTUs were found among libraries. At genus level, Pseudoalteromonas dominated Gr. lemaneiformis and Gl. furcata libraries, accounting for 72.2% and 47.3%, respectively. Sulfitobacter dominated P. yezoensis library, accounting for 35.4%. A previously undefined cluster within Deinococcus-Thermus dominated Mazzaella sp. library, accounting for 24.6% of the all. These results indicated that a broad range of bacteria inhabited the surfaces of these macroalgae.     

日本凋毛藻碳酸酐酶基因及其编码的蛋白特征

碳酸酐酶CA(EC 4.2.1.1)是含锌原子的金属蛋白酶,该酶的基本功能是催化CO₂与HCO₃-间的相互转换[1].该反应在许多生物过程中都发挥着重要的作用,例如离子交换、呼吸作用、pH稳定性、捕获CO₂和光合作用等[2~5].CA广泛分布于各种生物中,已知的CA酶根据氨基酸序列被分为-αCA,-βCA和γ-CA三种类型[5~7].这3种类型的CA酶序列间的相似性很低,被认为是由不同的途径进化而来的[7].α-型的CA酶在动物、植物、绿藻、细菌和蓝细菌中都有发现[7],在藻类中报道的α-型CA还很少.迄今为止只在衣藻中发现2种异构体,在盐藻中发现3种[8,9],在红藻中还未见报道.     

Crystallographic and NMR studies on sterols from green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell

Chemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the marine green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell led to the isolation of a new sterol stigmast-4,28-dien-3α,6β-diol 1 in addition to the five known sterols of β-lawsaritol 2, saringosterol 3, 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl - cholesterol 4, β-stigmasterol 5, 29-hydroxystigmasta-5, 24 （28） -dien-3β-ol 6. Compounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20 gel colum chromatography, reverse phase HPLC and recrystalization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including MS, IR 1D/2D NMR and X-ray analysis. Cytotoxicity of compounds was screened by using the standard MTF method. All these compounds were isolated from the green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell for the first time and they were inactive （50% inhibitory concentration was greater than 10 μg/cm^3） against KB, Bel -7402, PC - 3M, Ketr 3 and MCF-7 cell lines.     

海水养殖鱼类细菌性疾病研究概况

本文概述性地介绍了发生在海水养殖中的常见细菌性疾病包括弧菌现、链球菌症、卡诺氏菌症、细菌性肾病、巴斯德氏杀菌症、爱德华氏症、滑走细菌症和杀鲑气单胞菌症等的主要症状、流行情况及病原菌特征，通过遗传育种筛选有抗病力的养殖品种是人们正在努力的方向，目前的研究重点主要在鱼类抗病能力方差分析研究及抗病育种的方法研究，免疫接种是提高养殖鱼类对某一特定性病原菌的最有效的方法，目前已有三十多种菌苗上市，通过使用免疫刺激剂提高鱼类的非特异性免疫力已显示一定的应用前景，虽然抗菌素由于存在抗药菌株和鱼体残留，但它仍是目前对细菌性疾病疾病的常规疗法，而海洋藻类提取物对细菌的抑制作用已被人们所认识，它将会成为一种有潜力的抗菌药物。     

湖北峡东地区灯影组石板滩段微化石

本文研究了发现于湖北峡东地区，震旦系灯影组石板滩段燧石夹层岩石薄片中的微古植物化石，包括１０属５种（其中１新属新种）和５个未定种，石板滩段黑色薄层灰岩以富含宏观藻类及碳质印膜和少量后生动物而闻名，我们在燧石夹层牟岩石薄片中，不仅发现上述宏观藻类，而且首次发现共生的微化石。及其他保存很好的微化石，这一发现进一步丰富 我国震旦纪的古生物资料，为地层对比提供了依据。     

利用双因素实验和单藻培养方法研究温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey)生长发育的影响

提要 利用双因素实验和单藻培养等方法,对采自广东南澳岛的短节硬毛藻Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey进行了研究。在不同温度和盐度条件下,对该硬毛藻的生长、活力以及形态进行了观察与测定。结果表明,温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻的生长均有一定影响,当温度为20℃时,藻体培养第3、6和12天活力分别为0.70—0.75Y、0.60—0.70Y和0.55—0.65Y,培养12天时藻体有生殖细胞形成,此温度有利于藻体维持活力;温度为25—30℃时,培养第3天时会大量形成生殖细胞;在盐度10、20、40和50时,藻体的生长与温度相关,即30℃>25℃>20℃;在盐度20—30时,藻体长度最大达4.55 cm;在盐度10—30时,更有利于藻体生长,整体趋势为20>30>10>40>50。因此,实验条件下,温度25—30℃、盐度10—30更利于短节硬毛藻的生长和形成生殖细胞。本实验表明,短节硬毛藻为暖水、广盐性种,有可能在我国南方海区大量生长并扩散,具有引发绿潮的潜力。     

深圳湾福田红树林区藻类、纤毛虫等生物群落及其与环境的关系

对福田国家级红树林自然保护区近岸水域进行水质及生态调查,结果显示,深圳湾潮汐对红树林中微型生物生态及湿地污染状况产生了最为直接的影响;藻类在红树林中具有较好的水质污染指示作用,其生态功能大于纤毛虫、轮虫等微型生态类群;微型生物可通过食物链对污染物起放大和传递作用,传递途径在水体中以藻→纤毛虫为主,底质中以藻→底栖动物幼虫为主。     

绿藻水溶性多糖的研究概况和进展

对近年来绿藻多糖的提纯方法、组成结构及应用的研究进展进行了综述。绿藻多糖的提纯需要经过样品的前处理、提取和精制三个步骤,提取方法包括酸提、酶提、加入钙螯合剂提取、微波及超声波辅助提取。绿藻多糖是水溶性的硫酸化杂多糖。从石莼(Ulva)、浒苔(Enteromorpha)、礁膜(Monostroma)、小球藻(Chlorella)、蕨菜(Bracken)及刚毛藻(Bristles)中提取的多糖的化学组成及结构特征各不相同,而且多糖的化学组成和结构特征受提取方式的影响。绿藻多糖的生物相容性、生物可降解性及抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗炎、免疫调节等多种生物活性使其在食品、医药、化妆品及农业中具有广泛的应用。有关绿藻多糖的精确结构、提纯方法及化学修饰的进一步研究将使绿藻多糖的应用更加广泛。     

环境因子对2种南极绿藻脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

通过气相色谱方法对南极冰藻的脂肪酸进行了分析,发现环境因素对2种绿藻总脂含量有一定的影响：(1)温度对Pymmixtomonas sp,总脂含量影响不大,一般为8．3％～8．9％,Chlorophyceae L-4在2℃时的总脂含量最高为10.33％;(2)光强显著地影响这2种绿藻脂肪在细胞内的积累。随着光强由限制生长的39 lx增加到3900 lx,2种绿藻的脂肪酸含量降低：(3)盐度的提高有利于2种绿藻脂肪的积累;(4)营养盐的限制也利于2种绿藻脂肪的积累。在氮源缺乏条件下,Pyramidomonas sp,和Chlorophyceae L-4细胞内脂肪大量积累,含量分别是以NH4Cl为氮源的2．2和3.2倍。环境因素对2种绿藻脂肪酸组成和含量的影响不同,其脂肪含量的改变反映了南极冰藻生长的改变。环境因子能够影响这2种绿藻的脂肪含量,同样也影响到它们的生长。在适合南极冰藻生长的条件下,脂肪酸积累降低;反之,在南极冰藻生长受到限制的条件下,脂肪合成增加。这表明2种绿藻的脂肪含量随生存环境的变化而变化。环境因子同样影响到2种绿藻的脂肪酸组成,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸的组成和含量,但组成和其生长不存在相关性。环境因子(温度、光强、盐度和营养盐)对2种绿藻脂肪酸的测定结果表明,在2种绿藻中,多不饱和脂肪酸的含量高于单不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸。因此。这2种绿藻可望为多不饱和脂肪酸的开发利用提供藻种资源。