温度、盐度、光照强度和pH对海洋原甲藻增长的效应

采用微量移液稀释法对海洋原甲藻进行无菌培养，以研究温度、盐度、光照强度和pH对海洋原甲藻增长的效应。结果表明，海洋原甲藻最大增殖速率发生在温度为(25±1)℃、盐度为31、光照强度为3000lx、pH为8.0的环境条件下。海洋原甲藻在温度18—28℃、盐度为25—34、光照强度为1000—6500lx、pH为7.5—8.3范围内适宜生长。这一结果与观测到的海洋原甲藻赤潮发生时环境条件相近，其中温度的效应最为明显。     

Branding the design metropole: the case of Montréal, Canada

As part of a broader process of inter-urban competition, city governments have increasingly sought to 'position' themselves as centres of creativity. In these branding initiatives, culture is viewed as a tool of urban regeneration and economic development. Our paper examines the case of Commerce Design Montréal, an annual design competition run by the City of Montréal, which aims to brand Montréal as a centre of design. Commerce Design Montréal is an example of a 'fast' policy initiated by the state, but carried out by business owners and citizens. As such, it represents a downloading of the responsibility for economic development to the private or individual scale and adopts only a partial view of the varied actors and uses that are implicated in the design process. The paper considers the opportunities and challenges that this model presents for promoting design as a form of urban regeneration in a neo-liberal context.     

L'accident du Toulourenc : une limite tectonique entre la plate-forme provençale et le Bassin vocontien à l'Aptien–Albien (SE France)

The WNW–ESE trending Toulourenc Fault Zone (TFZ) is the western segment of the major Ventoux–Lure Fault Zone, which separates the Provençal platform from the Baronnies Vocontian Basin. The TFZ was subject to polyphased Mid-Cretaceous movements, during the Early Aptian and Middle–Late Albian times. The latter faulting episode generated conglomerates and olistoliths resulting from dismantled faultscarps cutting Barremian–Bedoulian limestones. The deformation is related to compressional wrench faulting (NE–SW sinistral faults; dextral component for the TFZ). It induced the uplift of the northwestern corner of the platform, as indicated by a mid-Cretaceous hiatus (Early Aptian pro parte to Early Albian) narrowly delimited in space. The opening of submeridian grabens within the platform favoured the northward transit of channelised coarse-grained Albian sands originating from a southern area. To cite this article: C. Montenat et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

自适应联邦滤波器在GPS-INS-Odometer组合导航的应用

针对多传感器观测信息较多、计算效率较低、对动力学模型误差稳键性不佳的问题,提出了一种自适应联邦滤波器并应用于GPS-INS-Odometer组合导航。首先介绍GPS-INS-Odometer组合导航的动力学模型和观测模型,比较分析了信息分配因子和自适应因子的共同特性,论证了联邦滤波器和自适应滤波器的等价性及其等价成立条件,提出了自适应联邦滤波器的信息分配因子构造方法。最后利用实测数据验证了算法的有效性。结果表明,相比于基于GPS和Odometer(里程计)初始方差构造信息分配因子的联邦滤波器,本文提出的自适应联邦滤波器兼容了联邦滤波器高效计算效率,且具有较好的抵抗动力学模型误差效果,能够有效削弱多传感器动力学模型误差对于导航解算的影响,对直接可测参数和间接可测参数的精度提高均起到了积极的作用。     

活动星系的非相对论性外流

活动星系核有两类常见外流，相对论性的射电喷流和非相对论性的物质外流，前者主要在射电强的适动星系核中，以非热辐射为特征，非相对论性外流主要通过紫外吸收线观测到，总结了类星体非对论性外流的一些性质及其X射线观测给出了的问题，指出现有的观测表明非相对论性外流引起的质量损失很重要。     

核密度估计法支持下的网络空间POI点可视化与分析

城市空间POI点的分布模式、分布密度在基础设施规划、城市空间分析中具有重要意义,表达该特征的核密度法(kernel density estimation)由于顾及了地理学第一定律的区位影响,比其他密度表达方法(如样方密度、基于Voronoi图密度)占优。然而,传统的核密度计算方法往往基于二维延展的欧氏空间,忽略了城市网络空间中设施点的服务功能及相互联系发生于网络路径距离而非欧氏距离的事实。本研究针对该缺陷,给出了网络空间核密度计算模型,分析了核密度方法在置入网络结构中受多种约束条件的扩展模式,讨论了衰减阈值及高度极值对核密度特征表达的影响。通过实际多种POI点分布模式(随机型、稀疏型、区域密集型、线状密集型)下的核密度分析试验,讨论了POI基础设施在城市区域中的分布特征、影响因素、服务功能。     

SAR图像河流分割的加权指数区域能量模型

传统主动轮廓模型很难实现精确的SAR图像河流分割。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种加权指数区域能量主动轮廓模型,以精确地提取SAR图像中的河流。该模型在Chan-Vese(CV)模型能量泛函中引入了指数区域能量,能更好地衡量分割图像和原始图像的差异程度,提高模型的分割准确性。此外,利用目标区域和背景区域内像素灰度的最大绝对差取代模型中常值区域能量权重,自适应地调节目标区域和背景区域的能量比重,加速曲线运动到目标区域的边缘,获得更高的分割效率。针对实际河流SAR图像进行了分割试验,结果表明:与传统主动轮廓模型相比,本文提出的模型能更快速、精确地分割SAR图像中的河流,在分割结果和分割效率两方面具有优势。     

Some Problems Concerning Geologic Structure with Double Layers in Urban Underground Lifeline Engineering

Underground lifeline engineering(ULE for short)in modern city demands the ap-preciation of an active fault in buried bedrock.Generally speaking,a large numberof urban geological textures of a basement may all be simplified into a dual geologicaltexture model,i.e.,the upper part of the basement consists of loose covering layerand the lower part consists of bedrock.The study of an active fault should includethree parts of contents,i.e.,to determine the lower time limit of activity of thefault,and the time limit must be recognized by both of designing engineers and geolo-gists;on the basis of the studies of repetition periods of earthquake occurrence to deter-mine whether the fault moves or not during the allowed time of efficacy of buildingsand constructions;for the sake of engineering practice,the active rate of the faultmust be given.The fault with different active mechanism has different effects on theULE.The authors studied the effect of lateral non-uniform overburden site on theULE by means of the su     

Very hot,very shallow hydrothermal dolomitization: An example from the Maritime Alps (north‐west Italy–south‐east France)

In the Maritime Alps (north‐west Italy – south‐east France), the Middle Triassic–lowermost Cretaceous platform carbonates of the Provençal Domain locally show an intense dolomitization. Dolomitized bodies, irregularly shaped and variable in size from some metres to hundreds of metres, are associated with tabular bodies of dolomite‐cemented breccias, cutting the bedding at a high angle, and networks of dolomite veins. Field and petrographic observations indicate that dolomitization was a polyphase process, in which episodes of hydrofracturing and host‐rock dissolution, related to episodic expulsion of overpressured fluids through faults and fracture systems, were associated with phases of host‐rock dolomitization and void cementation. Fluid inclusion analysis indicates that dolomitizing fluids were relatively hot (170 to 260°C). The case study represents an outstanding example of a fossil hydrothermal system, which significantly contributes to the knowledge of such dolomitization systems in continental margin settings. The unusually favourable stratigraphic framework allows precise constraint of the timing of dolomitization (earliest Cretaceous) and, consequently, direct evaluation of the burial setting of dolomitization which, for the upper part of the dolomitized succession, was very shallow or even close to the surface. The described large‐scale hydrothermal system was probably related to deep‐rooted faults, and provides indirect evidence of a significant earliest Cretaceous fault activity in this part of the Alpine Tethys European palaeomargin.     

Structural control of sinkholes and subsidence hazards along the Jordanian Dead Sea coast

For about four decades, the Dead Sea (DS) level and the surrounding water table has been dropping dramatically. At least from the eighties, the direct vicinity of the Lisan Peninsula (LP), Jordan, has been facing high rates of subsidence and sinkhole hazards. Between 2000 and 2002, the Arab Potash Company (APC) lost two salt evaporation ponds resulting in a loss of $70 million. In the fertile plain of Ghor al Haditha (GAH), three deep and wide bowl-shaped subsidence areas threaten human activities and infrastructures. Over the part of the Lisan Peninsula that emerged before the 1960s, relict fossil sinkholes occurred everywhere, whereas new collapses constantly appear in the southern area only. In this paper, we have integrated 15 years of field observations related to sinkholes and subsidence with interpretation of space borne radar interferometric outputs, aerial photographs and satellite images. This has helped to place hazardous areas in their geological context and to clarify them within the framework of the general tectonic setting of the area.