Climate changing characteristics of Zhangye City in Heihe River basin during 1968–2005

At present, researches on climate change of the Heihe River basin mainly focus on the relationship between basin climate change and regional water resources, regional desertification and dynamic climatic seasons of sandstorm, but less on climate change of oasis region, where there are more intense and frequent human activities. Based on data of precipitation, temperature, strong wind and dust events frequencies obtained from the six meteorological stations of Zhangye region in Heihe River basin, the features of climate change during 1968–2005 were carefully studied. Results show that the regional temperature rise rate exceeded the average level of China. The annual precipitation changed a little, but the precipitation had a slowly increasing trend in spring and winter. Frequencies of strong wind and sandstorm days show obviously descending trends, which had a close correlation with the regional temperature rise and the precipitation increase in spring and winter. Meanwhile, further human economic activities and exploitations to the oasis in the inland valley of arid regions also affected the climate change of this region, which has a sensitive and fragile eco-environment. __________ Translated from Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27(6): 1048–1054 [译自: 中国沙漠]     

Landscape change and sandy desertification in arid areas: a case study in the Zhangye Region of Gansu Province, China

The Zhangye Region of Gansu Province is an important agricultural base in arid northwestern China. During the twentieth century, especially in the last five decades, the region has experienced sandy desertification. To document the status and causes of this deterioration, satellite images, meteorological and socioeconomic data to assess landscape change from 1993 to 2002 were interpreted and analyzed. The results show that during the intervening 9-year period the area of sandy lands has increased by 642.2 km², which consist of aeolian sand dune (357.1 km²) and potential sandy land (216.3 km²). Although the development and reversion of sandy desertification co-exist, the sandy desertification in this area seems serious and is attributable to the irrational use of water and land.     

张掖国家气候观象台常规气象资料检验分析

选取2007年建成的张掖国家气候观象台梯度塔2007年9月至2008年8月5层风速、温度、湿度和水汽压观测资料,统计了这段时期内资料的缺测率,分析了张掖地区不同季节的气候要素变化特征,通过与其他观测台站资料比较,验证了资料的可靠性。     

甘肃省张掖市甘州城区和外围地下水位上升的原因及其诱发地质灾害的防治对策

根据对地下水的均衡状况、水文地球化学、环境同位素、气象水文条件、地下水流场、区域地质构造变化的研究结果,确定张掖市甘州城区及其外围地下水位上升的主要原因是,地震错断了上部第四系松散层内的隔水层,使中心地带的基底与祁连山区相连的北西向深大断裂带变为导水通道,增大了越流补给量,盆地地下水补给量增加,地下水位大面积上升。关于地下水位上升诱发的地质灾害治理方案的总体思路是,为达到“长治久安”的效果,在城区范围内实施水平排水工程措施,在急需解决城区地下建筑物降水的地段和城区东北部的重灾区实施垂直管井排水工程措施。     

Analysis of Anomalous Characteristics of Regional Crustal Deformation before the September 16th, 2019 Zhangye MS5.0 Earthquake, Gansu, China

To study the crustal movement in the vicinity of the epicenter before the Zhangye M_S5.0 earthquake in 2019, the characteristics of crustal deformation before the earthquake are discussed through the GPS velocity field analysis based on the CMONOC data observed from GPS. The baseline time series between two continuous GPS stations and the strain time series of an area among several stations are analyzed in the epicenter area. The resulting time series of baseline azimuth around the epicenter reflects that the energy of the fault in the northern margin of Qilian Mountain is accumulated continuously before 2017. Besides, the movement trend of azimuth slows down after 2017, indicating the stress accumulation on both sides of the seismogenic fault zone has reached a certain degree. The first shear strain and EW-direction linear strain in the epicentral area of the Zhangye M_S5.0 earthquake remain steady after 2017, and the surface strain rate decreases gradually after 2016. It is illustrated that there is an obvious deformation loss at the epicentral region three years before the earthquake, indicating that a certain degree of strain energy is accumulated in this area before the earthquake.     

灌区中居民点与水土资源邻近关系——以张掖绿洲为例

干旱区内陆河流域的核心在于水,核心区域在于绿洲。灌区是构成绿洲的最基本单元。论文应用最邻近距离指数(NNI),分析了张掖绿洲灌区中居民点与水浇地及渠系之间的空间耦合关系,结果表明:在张掖大小共39个灌区中,有22个灌区的NNI值<0.5,灌区中居民点总体表现为聚集分布态势,但空间差异明显,沿山灌区居民点聚集程度明显高于绿洲中腹灌区,映射出不同灌区水资源的基本约束力。从微观角度考察,居民点与水浇地、渠系、道路之间的平均临近距离从沿山独立灌区-绿洲边缘灌区-绿洲中腹灌区逐步增加,说明沿山灌区水浇地、渠系与居民点的关系更密切。灌区中居民点与渠系、水浇地表现出显著的"亲水型"和"亲地型","质点"(居民点)-"廊道"(渠系和路网)-"域面"(土地)之间存在非常密切的相互依存关系。     

张掖市水资源实物型投入产出表的编制应用

实物型投入产出模型更适合用于核算与量化分析经济系统与资源环境间直接及间接的耦合关联。采用Helga Weisz的方法,通过价值型向实物型表转换,编制完成张掖市实物型投入产出表。基于实物型投入产出模型,对张掖市各部门水资源利用在社会经济系统中迁移特点和部门关联程度及乘数进行分析。结果表明：实物表为我们提供了新的分析视角,此方法的应用在资源环境领域的应用具有相当的适用价值。间接需求对水资源影响不容忽视,每个部门的乘数作用很大程度影响该部门在虚拟水战略中的地位和作用。畜牧业、制造业、建筑业在张掖市水资源利用部门关联中作用突出,应作为水资源的社会化管理重点关注的部门。     

张掖市农耕期热量资源变化特征及对农业生产的影响

利用张掖市6个气象观测站1961-2010年实测气温资料,运用5 d滑动平均、气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,对农耕期初日、终日、持续日数及≥0℃积温的分布特征、年际和年代际演变规律及突变特点进行分析,结果表明:张掖市农耕期初日随海拔高度的升高推迟,终日则相反,农耕期日数自西北部向东南缩短,积温南北差异显著;近50 a初日提早,终日推迟,持续日数延长,积温增加趋势明显;20世纪70-80年代前期各地表现出农耕期初日推迟,终日提前,持续日数较短,≥0℃积温偏少的特点;20世纪90年代以来,终日延迟程度大于初日提前程度,积温增加显著,尤其2001-2010年增幅为50 a最大;山前绿洲及荒漠绿洲农耕期终日、持续日数及积温分别在1995/1997年、1982/1990年、1996/1999年发生了突变;农耕期热量资源增加,对作物种植结构的调整、生育进程的加快及产量均产生一定影响.     

甘肃张掖市冬季气温变化的时空特征

依据张掖市近50年来的冬季气温观测资料,运用Mann-Kendall法、小波分析、空间插值等方法,对张掖市冬季气温的时空分布规律和变化周期进行分析。结果表明:冬季气温总体上呈现增暖的趋势(β值为0.08),线性增长率为0.56℃/10a,相当于近50年冬季气温升高了2.8℃,冬季增温对全年升温的贡献率高达89%。1985年冬季气温发生突变,之后进入偏暖期,1987年后增温趋势更加显著。冬季气温存在10年左右和22年左右的振荡周期,其中22年左右的振荡周期较强。冬季气温空间分布不均,呈现出由东南向西北逐渐增温的趋势。冬季气温从20世纪70年代起就开始增温,东部增温速度明显高于西部,冬季气温增暖主要发生在最近的20余年内。     

张掖盆地水文地质特征与稳定同位素研究

论述了张掖盆地地下水赋存分布特征与地下水补给、径流、排泄条件,利用水化学、同位素调查的方法,重点对张掖甘州平原区地下水水化学类型及其演化过程进行了研究。结果表明：张掖盆地由源于南部祁连山和北部龙首山的水系沉积物组成,其冲洪积平原规模、含水层富水性、导水性与地下水水化学特征等方面存在差异;同时地下水稳定同住素特征分析印证了水文地质条件的差异。祁连山前沉积物与龙首山前沉积物中地下水有着不同的补给来源和径流路径。浅层地下水和龙首山前深层承压水主要补给源为大气降水和山区河流入渗补给,祁连山前深层承压地下水系统可能有冰雪融水补给。