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1.
可用于复杂地质体的波动方程基准面技术 总被引:7,自引:7,他引:0
提出改进的波动方程基准面方法,用于解决地表一致性问题,通过基准面的下移,可以使深部的信号增强,变多值走时为单值走时,从根本上消除了上覆层速度横向不均匀的影响,从而可以更好地解决复杂地质体成像问题。作者从原理上对上述观点给予了证明,而且给出利用波动方程基准面有限差分法做的实例--大庆油田“陆相断隐模型”。 相似文献
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Kirchhoff波场延拓在OBC记录海水层基准面校正中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
莺歌海盆地是南海西北部一个重要的含气盆地,大量含气带导致了常规地震资料中出现纵波地震反射模糊带,海底电缆(OBC)探测被作为揭示该区含气带特征的新方法。OBC探测能够提供更多的信息,然而由于它具有不同于海面拖缆观测方式:它的炮点和检波点不在一个基准面上,地震波沿不对称路径传播,不能直接采用常规地震数据处理方法处理,为此需要进行基准面校正将炮点和检波点校正到同一基准面上。常用的基准面校正方法包括静校正、Kirchhoff波场延拓法等,文章采用Kirchhoff波场延拓法对莺歌海盆地的OBC资料做基准面校正,并与静校正方法对比,结果表明,静校正方法对浅层速度分析造成的误差较大,超过10%;Kirchhoff波场延拓则保持了正确速度,并得到了目标基准面的正确波场。 相似文献
3.
We derive a governing second-order acoustic wave equation in the time domain with a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition for general inhomogeneous media. Besides, a new scheme to solve the perfectly matched layer equation for absorbing reflections from the model boundaries based on the rapid expansion method is proposed. The suggested scheme can be easily applied to a wide class of wave equations and numerical methods for seismic modelling. The absorbing boundary condition method is formulated based on the split perfectly matched layer method and we employ the rapid expansion method to solve the derived new perfectly matched layer equation. The use of the rapid expansion method allows us to extrapolate wavefields with a time step larger than the ones commonly used by traditional finite-difference schemes in a stable way and free of dispersion noise. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed perfectly matched layer scheme, numerical modelling examples are also presented. The numerical results obtained with the put forward perfectly matched layer scheme are compared with results from traditional attenuation absorbing boundary conditions and enlarged models as well. The analysis of the numerical results indicates that the proposed perfectly matched layer scheme is significantly effective and more efficient in absorbing spurious reflections from the model boundaries. 相似文献
4.
波动方程基准面校正处理被认为是当地表高程变化剧烈、地表一致性假设又不成立的情况下对于常规高程基准面校正的必要替代. 在二维波动方程基准面校正方面,前人已经作了大量工作,并且在实际应用中获得了良好的效果,应该将其进一步推广到三维. 本文采用三维频率空间域有限差分波场延拓算子以“逐步-累加”的方式实现了三维波动方程基准面校正,并对实际数据进行了处理. 对于西部某三维数据的实际计算结果表明,相对于传统的模型法高程静校正,波动方程基准面校正更合理地实现了基准面校正,有助于提高后续的速度分析精度和成像质量. 相似文献
5.
Theoretical considerations (Snell's law) suggest that low-velocity fanomalies are undersampled and therefore should be poorly resolved by inversion schemes based on ray-tracing methods. A synthetic study considering a 40×20 m low-velocity anomaly (300 m/s) placed at the center of a 400×50 m block with gradient background velocity model (from 3000 m/s at the surface to 4000 m/s at the base) indicates that the low ray density in ray-tracing coverage diagrams of tomographic inversion studies can be used as evidence for the existence of low-velocity anomalies. Combined normal incidence seismic reflection images and the velocity models obtained by tomographic inversions of first-arrival travel times form an efficient scheme to resolve low-velocity anomalies such as fracture zones. Furthermore, the velocity models derived from tomographic inversions are used in a wave equation datuming algorithm to account for statics caused by a strongly laterally variable shallow surface (weathering) layer and provide seismic reflection images of fracture zones (low-velocity anomaly) within a granitic pluton. 相似文献
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The presence of highly heterogeneous basalt layers has a detrimental effect on seismic imaging of underlying structures. Due to the prevalence of basalt, the challenge of imaging below basalts impinges on a broad spectrum of geological problems, from hydrocarbon exploration to volcano seismology. Both internal basalt characteristics and rough interfaces can degrade the sub-basalt image quality. In this paper we investigate the effects of both internal and surface heterogeneity on the wavefield. Using highly heterogeneous models of basalts derived from optical imagery and borehole sonic logs, combined with wave simulations to generate synthetic data, we explore the causes of poor sub-basalt imagery. We establish the significant role that surface roughness plays in the imagery problem and demonstrate, through a novel application of wave equation datuming, how to suppress its effect. The methodology demonstrated herein may be applicable in any environment where heterogeneous surface structures/interfaces severely degrade seismic image quality. 相似文献
8.
The occurrence of gas hydrate has been inferred from the presence of Bottom-Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) along the western
continental margin of India. In this paper, we assess the spatial and vertical distribution of gas hydrates by analyzing the
interval velocities and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) responses obtained from multi-channel seismics (MCSs). The hydrate cements
the grains of the host sediment, thereby increasing its velocity, whereas the free gas below the base of hydrate stability
zone decreases the interval velocity. Conventionally, velocities are obtained from the semblance analysis on the Common Mid-Point
(CMP) gathers. Here, we used wave-equation datuming to remove the effect of the water column before the velocity analysis.
We show that the interval velocities obtained in this fashion are more stable than those computed from the conventional semblance
analysis. The initial velocity model thus obtained is updated using the tomographic velocity analysis to account for lateral
heterogeneity. The resultant interval velocity model shows large lateral velocity variations in the hydrate layer and some
low velocity zones associated with free gas at the location of structural traps. The reflection from the base of the gas layer
is also visible in the stacked seismic data. Vertical variation in hydrate distribution is assessed by analyzing the AVO response
at selected locations. AVO analysis is carried out after applying true amplitude processing. The average amplitudes of BSRs
are almost constant with offset, suggesting a fluid expulsion model for hydrate formation. In such a model, the hydrate concentrations
are gradational with maxima occurring at the base of hydrate stability zone. 相似文献
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波动方程基准面延拓研究进展 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
复杂的地表采集条件是地震偏移成像必须面对的问题.地形高程起伏变化较大,以及近地表低速层速度的横向变化,是导致反射地震数据非双曲时差特征的主要原因,严重影响了后续速度估计和偏移成像的精度.对于复杂地表条件,基于地表一致性的时移法静校正很难满足高精度资料处理的要求.波动方程基准面延拓方法不受地表一致性限制,很好地保持了波传播的动力学特征,而且在改善成像质量方面效果显著,应用广泛.本文探讨了消除地表因素影响的基准面延拓方法,对一些意义比较突出的方法进行了详细介绍. 相似文献