Water transport from the North-east Irish Sea to western Scottish coastal waters: Further observations from time-trend matching of Sellafield radiocaesium

Radiocaesium isotopes, discharged into the North-east Irish Sea from the Sellafield (formerly Windscale) nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Cumbria, have been employed as flow monitors to update and extend the record of coastal water movement from the Irish Sea to the Clyde Sea area and, further north, to Loch Etive. The temporal trends in radiocaesium levels have been used to determine the extent of water mixing en route and to define mean advection rates. Flow conditions from the Irish Sea have changed considerably since the mid-1970s, the residence time of northern Irish Sea waters being ～12 months during 1978–1980 inclusive. Average transport times of four and six months are estimated for the Sellafield to Clyde and Sellafield to Etive transects respectively. Sellafield ¹³⁷Cs levels in seawater were diluted by factors of 27 and 50 respectively during current movement to the Clyde and Etive areas. The decrease in salinity-corrected ¹³⁷Cs concentrations between the Clyde and Etive suggests that dilution by Atlantic water occurs, the latter mainly entering the Firth of Lorne from the west. The majority (～94%) of the radiocaesium supply to Loch Etive enters the Firth of Lorne via the portion of the coastal current circulating west of Islay, only ～6% arriving via the Sound of Jura.     

Automatic classification of volcanic earthquakes by using Multi-Layered neural networks

The application of neural networks as classifiers of seismic events is described with the aim of developing an automatic system for the classification of explosion quakes at the Stromboli volcano. The architecture of the network that we trained to identify four different classes of shocks was a Multi-Layer Perceptron, using the Back Error Propagation algorithm. Five different approaches for representing the information embedded in the seismograms, both in the time and in the frequency domain, were considered, and the results compared. The direct use of the time series of the shocks was not satisfactory. The auto-correlation function worked well, but in some cases it was misleading. A better performance was obtained with a frequency domain representation. Finally, the use of the envelope function did not work well. Combining parameters such as the auto-correlation and envelope functions can improve one source of error, but it may introduce new ones. The performance obtained highlights the importance of the data attributes used for the training of the network. Topologies with eight neurons in a single hidden layer gave, on average, the best results among the considered neural network structures. The overall results provide a large number of events (89% with the best performance) correctly classified, indicating that this automatic technique is reliable, and encouraging further applications in the field of volcanic seismology.     

Explosion seismic reflections from the Earth’s core

Recent seismological studies have presented evidence for the existence of a layer with ultra-low seismic velocities at the core-mantle boundary at ca. 2900 km depth. We report high-amplitude, high-frequency, and laterally coherent seismic arrivals from three nuclear explosions in Siberia. With recording station intervals of 15 km, the seismic phases are readily correlated and show the presence of a thin, ultra-low velocity zone in a region where it was not previously reported. The duration and complexity of the arrivals are inconsistent with a simple core-mantle boundary and require a hitherto unidentified, kilometre-scale, fine structure in the ultra-low velocity zone. The observations may be explained by a ca. 7 km thick, two-layer, ultra-low velocity zone with exceptional low velocities, which indicate the presence of high percentages of melt (>15%), in particular in the lower part of the zone. Waveform variation implies lateral change in the thickness and physical properties of the ultra-low velocity zone with a wavelength of less than 100 km.     

地下管线源数据处理方法的研究

为了保障顺利建设上海市地下管线数据库．需要对现存的地下管线的源数据进行一些技术处理，以满足数据入库的要求。本文主要个绍：笔者在从事地下管线源数据处理工作中，碰到的现存的上海市地下管线源数据对于建设上海市地下管线数据库所存在的一些问题：以及笔者利用Autodesk公司的AutoCAD二次开发工具开发的应用程序来处理这些问题的方法。     

武汉地铁及长江隧道沿线地下管线现状分析

本文论述了利用城市地下管线信息系统对武汉地铁和长江隧道沿线进行地下管线现状调查的过程和方法，结果表明利用该系统所完成的分析和成果资料满足了武汉及长江隧道沿线工程可行性研究的需要。     

爆炸波在高饱和度饱和土中传播规律的研究

通过在? 2.5×5 m模拟爆炸装置中进行饱和土爆炸试验,得到了变埋深条件下饱和土中的压力实测波形,实测到了冲击波和弹性波,二者之间具有较明显的分界,爆炸近区和远区荷载形式具有较大的区别。通过综合分析给出了饱和土中波的传播规律,揭示饱和土中爆炸冲击波传播时出现流体动力区和冲击波形成等性质,建立了饱和土双线性递增硬化本构关系,确定了由冲击波向弹性波转换的分界压力。     

世界核电发展及铀供需态势展望

以权威机构发布的最新资料数据为基础,介绍了世界核电近期至中长期的发展态势,归纳了当前世界铀生产的主要特点,初步分析了至2030年铀的供需关系。认为从世界层面看,铀资源对于近期和中长期的世界铀生产和核电铀需求是有充分保障的,世界铀生产可以满足近期的核电铀需求,但至2015年以后核电的快速发展时期又会出现较大的供需缺口。如果世界新铀矿山的投产和老铀矿山的扩产计划都能如期悉数实现,铀生产满足长期核电铀需求是完全可能的。     

一种基于微博语义的天气情感地图设计

天气情感地图是一种表达情感相关的专题地图。本文提出了一种基于微博语义的天气情感地图设计方法,基于程序获取了合肥市区2016年6月20日至2016年7月10日暴雨期间带有地理位置的新浪微博数据,通过数据清洗及标准化处理,利用情感词库,结合人工判读,将暴雨天气过程相关情感微博文本数据分为8种情感类别,设计了8种情感着色,结合GIS格网技术与核密度分析方法,制成暴雨天气过程前、中后期情感地图,并分析了暴雨天气过程3个阶段中微博用户多维情感变化。该研究可为政府相关部门在突发性天气灾害过程中制定救助与决策提供参考。