Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paragyrops edita</Emphasis> Tanaka in Beibu Gulf

Abstact  Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bottom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007. A total number of 1155 individuals, ranging from 49 to 249 mm in standard length was examined. The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths. One year growth was made up of one translucent and one opaque zone. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data. ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth between sexes in the three growth models (P>0.05), and the Von Bertalanffy growth function L _t =292.8{1−exp [−0.167(t+1.116)]} was selected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike’s information criterion (AIC).     

北部湾二长棘鲷生长、死亡及其群体组成

利用2006年7月至2008年3月北部湾渔业商业捕捞底拖网和刺网渔获物中采集的样本,对北部湾二长棘鲷的生长、死亡及其群体组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,北部湾二长棘鲷优势体长70～140 mm,占82.2%;优势体重为20～60 g,占54.29%;ARSS分析表明雌雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),繁殖期性比为1.21∶1;von Bertalanffy生长方程的主要参数分别为:L∞=292.8 mm,K=0.167,t0=-1.116;体重的生长拐点为5.463龄;总死亡系数、自然死亡系数和捕捞死亡系数分别为1.041 4、0.282 8和0.752 6,当前开发率为0.728。     

Illuminated and shadowed contour lines: improving algorithms and evaluating effectiveness

Shadowed contour lines vary line width. Illuminated contour lines additionally vary color based on an angle of illumination. Illuminated and shadowed contour lines date back to the mid-nineteenth century, but their effectiveness compared to conventional contour lines has not been fully examined. Currently, illuminated and shadowed contour lines are not widely used in computer-based cartography because they are not included in most GIS apmaking software. This article introduces improvements to existing algorithms for creating illuminated and shadowed contour lines from digital elevation data. A software package is made available to allow mapmakers to more easily make customized illuminated and shadowed contour maps. A user study comparing illuminated and shadowed contour lines to conventional contour lines and shaded relief with approximately 400 participants was conducted. Results indicate that map-readers can interpret relative height differences between points better and quicker with illuminated contour lines than regular contour lines or shaded relief. Study participants were able to select absolute maxima on an unlabeled illuminated contour map and a labeled regular contour map with equal accuracy and speed. These findings suggest that illuminated contour lines could be used more frequently for improved visualization of terrain and other surface data on maps.     

Age and Growth Characteristics of Crimson Sea Bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf

Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bot-tom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007.A total number of 1155 individuals,ranging from 49 to 249mmin standard length was examined.The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths.One year growth was made up of onetranslucent and one opaque zone.A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy,Logistic andGompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data.ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth betweensexes in the three growth models (P>0.05),and the Von Bertalanffy growth function L<,t>=292.8{1-exp[-0.167(t 1.116)]} was se-lected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike's information criterion (AIC).     

Effective medium methods and a computational approach for estimating geomaterial properties of porous materials with randomly oriented ellipsoidal pores

The role of effective medium approaches and the differential scheme in estimating the overall elastic moduli of a porous medium with randomly oriented pores is examined. The analytical estimates of the elastic moduli are compared with approximations available in the literature that are valid for small pore aspect ratios. Accuracy of the analytical estimates is further established by performing finite element simulations. Finite element estimates are obtained for a model of a porous medium containing three families of spheroidal pores arranged in a mutually orthogonal configuration. This model is regarded as a close approximation to a porous medium with randomly oriented pores. Also, experimental data available for several sandstones and granites was used to analytically examine the influence of the aspect ratio of pores on overall properties. This information is also used to provide an estimate for the permeability of the porous medium.     

云南种子植物区系地理成分分布格局及其意义

以覆盖云南全境的31个地区植物区系研究报告为基础, 使用Arcview软件制作了14个种子植物属的地理成分多度分布图。 对这些种子植物属的多度分布格局进行分析,获得以下结果:①热带成分合计占所统计的地区植物区系属的29.6%~94.1%, 其最小值是在云南西北部, 最大值出现在云南南部; 温带成分合计占所统计的地区植物区系属的6%~70.4%, 其多度分布恰与热带成分相反。②在热带成分中, 全热带分布属占13.64%~46%, 居热带成分之首, 其最大值出现在云南怒江和元江的干热河谷; 热带亚洲分布属占3.33%~42.26%, 最大值出现在云南南部。③在温带成分中, 北温带分布属占所统计的地区植物区系的2%~30.39%, 居温带成分之首, 最大值出现在云南西北部山地, 其次是东亚分布属, 占2%~14.57%, 最大值出现在滇西北横断山区。④在与云南植被的关系上,热带亚洲分布属、旧世界热带分布属和热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布属是云南热带森林的主要成分; 全热带分布属和热带亚洲至热带非洲分布属是干热河谷植被的主要成分,北温带分布属主要出现在冷湿山地森林植被中,而东亚分布属、东亚和北美洲间断分布属及旧世界温带分布属与温凉气候地区的森林植被联系相对密切。⑤生物地理上,云南种子植物属的多度分格局暗示了所谓的“田中线”在印度—马来西亚热带植物区系与东亚亚热带—温带植物区系的地理界限上有意义;热带亚洲至热带非洲分布属主要存在于云南的干热河谷,暗示了干热河谷植被具有一定非洲亲缘;云南西部的热带性很强,暗示了在印度板块同亚洲板块相撞、推挤北移及喜马拉雅隆升过程中, 云南西部至东南部的地块可能发生了顺时针转动。⑥在云南, 不论其纬度, 只要是海拔低的区域都是热带区域, 支持云南应是一个基带为热带的大的山原观点。